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[ Upstream commit 4595a298d5563cf76c1d852970f162051fd1a7a6 ]
For filesystems with block size < page size, we need to set all the
per-block uptodate bits if the page was already uptodate at the time
we create the per-block metadata. This can happen if the page is
invalidated (eg by a write to drop_caches) but ultimately not removed
from the page cache.
This is a data corruption issue as page writeback skips blocks which
are marked !uptodate.
Fixes: 9dc55f1389f9 ("iomap: add support for sub-pagesize buffered I/O without buffer heads")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@redhat.com>
Cc: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gao Xiang <hsiangkao@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit b71450e2cc4b3c79f33c5bd276d152af9bd54f79 ]
The @lend parameter of truncate_pagecache_range() should be the offset
of the last byte of the hole, not the first byte beyond it.
Fixes: ae259a9c8593 ("fs: introduce iomap infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit 36ca7943ac18aebf8aad4c50829eb2ea5ec847df ]
When the max pages (last_page in the swap header + 1) is smaller than
the total pages (inode size) of the swapfile, iomap_swapfile_activate
overwrites sis->max with total pages.
However, frontswap_map is a swap page state bitmap allocated using the
initial sis->max page count read from the swap header. If swapfile
activation increases sis->max, it's possible for the frontswap code to
walk off the end of the bitmap, thereby corrupting kernel memory.
[djwong: modify the description a bit; the original paragraph reads:
"However, frontswap_map is allocated using max pages. When test and clear
the sis offset, which is larger than max pages, of frontswap_map in
__frontswap_invalidate_page(), neighbors of frontswap_map may be
overwritten, i.e., slab is polluted."
Note also that this bug resulted in a behavioral change: activating a
swap file that was formatted and later extended results in all pages
being activated, not the number of pages recorded in the swap header.]
This fixes the issue by considering the limitation of max pages of swap
info in iomap_swapfile_add_extent().
To reproduce the case, compile kernel with slub RED ZONE, then run test:
$ sudo stress-ng -a 1 -x softlockup,resources -t 72h --metrics --times \
--verify -v -Y /root/tmpdir/stress-ng/stress-statistic-12.yaml \
--log-file /root/tmpdir/stress-ng/stress-logfile-12.txt \
--temp-path /root/tmpdir/stress-ng/
We'll get the error log as below:
[ 1151.015141] =============================================================================
[ 1151.016489] BUG kmalloc-16 (Not tainted): Right Redzone overwritten
[ 1151.017486] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ 1151.017486]
[ 1151.018997] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 1151.019873] INFO: 0x0000000084e43932-0x0000000098d17cae @offset=7392. First byte 0x0 instead of 0xcc
[ 1151.021303] INFO: Allocated in __do_sys_swapon+0xcf6/0x1170 age=43417 cpu=9 pid=3816
[ 1151.022538] __slab_alloc+0xe/0x20
[ 1151.023069] __kmalloc_node+0xfd/0x4b0
[ 1151.023704] __do_sys_swapon+0xcf6/0x1170
[ 1151.024346] do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40
[ 1151.024925] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
[ 1151.025749] INFO: Freed in put_cred_rcu+0xa1/0xc0 age=43424 cpu=3 pid=2041
[ 1151.026889] kfree+0x276/0x2b0
[ 1151.027405] put_cred_rcu+0xa1/0xc0
[ 1151.027949] rcu_do_batch+0x17d/0x410
[ 1151.028566] rcu_core+0x14e/0x2b0
[ 1151.029084] __do_softirq+0x101/0x29e
[ 1151.029645] asm_call_irq_on_stack+0x12/0x20
[ 1151.030381] do_softirq_own_stack+0x37/0x40
[ 1151.031037] do_softirq.part.15+0x2b/0x30
[ 1151.031710] __local_bh_enable_ip+0x4b/0x50
[ 1151.032412] copy_fpstate_to_sigframe+0x111/0x360
[ 1151.033197] __setup_rt_frame+0xce/0x480
[ 1151.033809] arch_do_signal+0x1a3/0x250
[ 1151.034463] exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0xcf/0x110
[ 1151.035242] syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x27/0x190
[ 1151.035970] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
[ 1151.036795] INFO: Slab 0x000000003b9de4dc objects=44 used=9 fp=0x00000000539e349e flags=0xfffffc0010201
[ 1151.038323] INFO: Object 0x000000004855ba01 @offset=7376 fp=0x0000000000000000
[ 1151.038323]
[ 1151.039683] Redzone 000000008d0afd3d: cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc ................
[ 1151.041180] Object 000000004855ba01: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
[ 1151.042714] Redzone 0000000084e43932: 00 00 00 c0 cc cc cc cc ........
[ 1151.044120] Padding 000000000864c042: 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
[ 1151.045615] CPU: 5 PID: 3816 Comm: stress-ng Tainted: G B 5.10.50+ #7
[ 1151.046846] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.1-0-ga5cab58e9a3f-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[ 1151.048633] Call Trace:
[ 1151.049072] dump_stack+0x57/0x6a
[ 1151.049585] check_bytes_and_report+0xed/0x110
[ 1151.050320] check_object+0x1eb/0x290
[ 1151.050924] ? __x64_sys_swapoff+0x39a/0x540
[ 1151.051646] free_debug_processing+0x151/0x350
[ 1151.052333] __slab_free+0x21a/0x3a0
[ 1151.052938] ? _cond_resched+0x2d/0x40
[ 1151.053529] ? __vunmap+0x1de/0x220
[ 1151.054139] ? __x64_sys_swapoff+0x39a/0x540
[ 1151.054796] ? kfree+0x276/0x2b0
[ 1151.055307] kfree+0x276/0x2b0
[ 1151.055832] __x64_sys_swapoff+0x39a/0x540
[ 1151.056466] do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40
[ 1151.057084] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
[ 1151.057866] RIP: 0033:0x150340b0ffb7
[ 1151.058481] Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0x150340b0ff8d.
[ 1151.059537] RSP: 002b:00007fff7f4ee238 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a8
[ 1151.060768] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fff7f4ee66c RCX: 0000150340b0ffb7
[ 1151.061904] RDX: 000000000000000a RSI: 0000000000018094 RDI: 00007fff7f4ee860
[ 1151.063033] RBP: 00007fff7f4ef980 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000150340a672bd
[ 1151.064135] R10: 00007fff7f4edca0 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000018094
[ 1151.065253] R13: 0000000000000005 R14: 000000000160d930 R15: 00007fff7f4ee66c
[ 1151.066413] FIX kmalloc-16: Restoring 0x0000000084e43932-0x0000000098d17cae=0xcc
[ 1151.066413]
[ 1151.067890] FIX kmalloc-16: Object at 0x000000004855ba01 not freed
Fixes: 67482129cdab ("iomap: add a swapfile activation function")
Fixes: a45c0eccc564 ("iomap: move the swapfile code into a separate file")
Signed-off-by: Gang Deng <gavin.dg@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Xu Yu <xuyu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit 49694d14ff68fa4b5f86019dbcfb44a8bd213e58 ]
The length variable is rather pointless given that it can be trivially
deduced from offset and size. Also the initial calculation can lead
to KASAN warnings.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reported-by: Leizhen (ThunderTown) <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit 3ac1d426510f97ace05093ae9f2f710d9cbe6215 ]
The length variable is rather pointless given that it can be trivially
deduced from offset and size. Also the initial calculation can lead
to KASAN warnings.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reported-by: Leizhen (ThunderTown) <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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commit 1cea335d1db1ce6ab71b3d2f94a807112b738a0f upstream.
bio completions can race when a page spans more than one file system
block. Add a spinlock to synchronize marking the page uptodate.
Fixes: 9dc55f1389f9 ("iomap: add support for sub-pagesize buffered I/O without buffer heads")
Reported-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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[ Upstream commit 5808fecc572391867fcd929662b29c12e6d08d81 ]
In case if isi.nr_pages is 0, we are making sis->pages (which is
unsigned int) a huge value in iomap_swapfile_activate() by assigning -1.
This could cause a kernel crash in kernel v4.18 (with below signature).
Or could lead to unknown issues on latest kernel if the fake big swap gets
used.
Fix this issue by returning -EINVAL in case of nr_pages is 0, since it
is anyway a invalid swapfile. Looks like this issue will be hit when
we have pagesize < blocksize type of configuration.
I was able to hit the issue in case of a tiny swap file with below
test script.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riteshharjani/LinuxStudy/master/scripts/swap-issue.sh
kernel crash analysis on v4.18
==============================
On v4.18 kernel, it causes a kernel panic, since sis->pages becomes
a huge value and isi.nr_extents is 0. When 0 is returned it is
considered as a swapfile over NFS and SWP_FILE is set (sis->flags |= SWP_FILE).
Then when swapoff was getting called it was calling a_ops->swap_deactivate()
if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) is true. Since a_ops->swap_deactivate() is
NULL in case of XFS, it causes below panic.
Panic signature on v4.18 kernel:
=======================================
root@qemu:/home/qemu# [ 8291.723351] XFS (loop2): Unmounting Filesystem
[ 8292.123104] XFS (loop2): Mounting V5 Filesystem
[ 8292.132451] XFS (loop2): Ending clean mount
[ 8292.263362] Adding 4294967232k swap on /mnt1/test/swapfile. Priority:-2 extents:1 across:274877906880k
[ 8292.277834] Unable to handle kernel paging request for instruction fetch
[ 8292.278677] Faulting instruction address: 0x00000000
cpu 0x19: Vector: 400 (Instruction Access) at [c0000009dd5b7ad0]
pc: 0000000000000000
lr: c0000000003eb9dc: destroy_swap_extents+0xfc/0x120
sp: c0000009dd5b7d50
msr: 8000000040009033
current = 0xc0000009b6710080
paca = 0xc00000003ffcb280 irqmask: 0x03 irq_happened: 0x01
pid = 5604, comm = swapoff
Linux version 4.18.0 (riteshh@xxxxxxx) (gcc version 8.4.0 (Ubuntu 8.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04)) #57 SMP Wed Mar 3 01:33:04 CST 2021
enter ? for help
[link register ] c0000000003eb9dc destroy_swap_extents+0xfc/0x120
[c0000009dd5b7d50] c0000000025a7058 proc_poll_event+0x0/0x4 (unreliable)
[c0000009dd5b7da0] c0000000003f0498 sys_swapoff+0x3f8/0x910
[c0000009dd5b7e30] c00000000000bbe4 system_call+0x5c/0x70
Exception: c01 (System Call) at 00007ffff7d208d8
Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani <riteshh@linux.ibm.com>
[djwong: rework the comment to provide more details]
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit a805c111650cdba6ee880f528abdd03c1af82089 ]
It is trivial to trigger a WARN_ON_ONCE(1) in iomap_dio_actor() by
unprivileged users which would taint the kernel, or worse - panic if
panic_on_warn or panic_on_taint is set. Hence, just convert it to
pr_warn_ratelimited() to let users know their workloads are racing.
Thank Dave Chinner for the initial analysis of the racing reproducers.
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit e6e7ca92623a43156100306861272e04d46385fc ]
If we find a page in write_begin which is !Uptodate, we need
to clear any error on the page before starting to read data
into it. This matches how filemap_fault(), do_read_cache_page()
and generic_file_buffered_read() handle PageError on !Uptodate pages.
When calling iomap_set_range_uptodate() in __iomap_write_begin(), blocks
were not being marked as uptodate.
This was found with generic/127 and a specially modified kernel which
would fail (some) readahead I/Os. The test read some bytes in a prior
page which caused readahead to extend into page 0x34. There was
a subsequent write to page 0x34, followed by a read to page 0x34.
Because the blocks were still marked as !Uptodate, the read caused all
blocks to be re-read, overwriting the write. With this change, and the
next one, the bytes which were written are marked as being Uptodate, so
even though the page is still marked as !Uptodate, the blocks containing
the written data are not re-read from storage.
Fixes: 9dc55f1389f9 ("iomap: add support for sub-pagesize buffered I/O without buffer heads")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit add66fcbd3fbe5aa0dd4dddfa23e119c12989a27 ]
On architectures where loff_t is wider than pgoff_t, the expression
((page->index + 1) << PAGE_SHIFT) can overflow. Rewrite to use the page
offset, which we already compute here anyway.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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[ Upstream commit e9f930ac88a8936ccc2d021110c98810cf5aa810 ]
Naresh reported LTP diotest4 failing for 32bit x86 and arm -next
kernels on ext4. Same problem exists in 5.4-rc7 on xfs.
The failure comes down to:
openat(AT_FDCWD, "testdata-4.5918", O_RDWR|O_DIRECT) = 4
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7f7b000
read(4, 0xb7f7b000, 4096) = 0 // expects -EFAULT
Problem is conversion at iomap_dio_bio_actor() return. Ternary
operator has a return type and an attempt is made to convert each
of operands to the type of the other. In this case "ret" (int)
is converted to type of "copied" (unsigned long). Both have size
of 4 bytes:
size_t copied = 0;
int ret = -14;
long long actor_ret = copied ? copied : ret;
On x86_64: actor_ret == -14;
On x86 : actor_ret == 4294967282
Replace ternary operator with 2 return statements to avoid this
unwanted conversion.
Fixes: 4721a6010990 ("iomap: dio data corruption and spurious errors when pipes fill")
Reported-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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commit 419e9c38aa075ed0cd3c13d47e15954b686bcdb6 upstream.
When splicing using iomap_dio_rw() to a pipe, we may leak pipe pages
because bio_iov_iter_get_pages() records that the pipe will have full
extent worth of data however if file size is not block size aligned
iomap_dio_rw() returns less than what bio_iov_iter_get_pages() set up
and splice code gets confused leaking a pipe page with the file tail.
Handle the situation similarly to the old direct IO implementation and
revert iter to actually returned read amount which makes iter consistent
with value returned from iomap_dio_rw() and thus the splice code is
happy.
Fixes: ff6a9292e6f6 ("iomap: implement direct I/O")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: syzbot+991400e8eba7e00a26e1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Add a new iomap_dio_ops structure that for now just contains the end_io
handler. This avoid storing the function pointer in a mutable structure,
which is a possible exploit vector for kernel code execution, and prepares
for adding a submit_io handler that btrfs needs.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
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Modify the calling convention for the iomap_dio_rw ->end_io() callback.
Rather than passing either dio->error or dio->size as the 'size' argument,
instead pass both the dio->error and the dio->size value separately.
In the instance that an error occurred during a write, we currently cannot
determine whether any blocks have been allocated beyond the current EOF and
data has subsequently been written to these blocks within the ->end_io()
callback. As a result, we cannot judge whether we should take the truncate
failed write path. Having both dio->error and dio->size will allow us to
perform such checks within this callback.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
[hch: minor cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
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Detected by:
$ ./scripts/spdxcheck.py
fs/iomap/Makefile: 1:27 Invalid License ID: GPL-2.0-or-newer
Fixes: 1c230208f53d ("iomap: start moving code to fs/iomap/")
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Pull iomap split/cleanup from Darrick Wong:
"As promised, here's the second part of the iomap merge for 5.3, in
which we break up iomap.c into smaller files grouped by functional
area so that it'll be easier in the long run to maintain cohesiveness
of code units and to review incoming patches. There are no functional
changes and fs/iomap.c split cleanly.
Summary:
- Regroup the fs/iomap.c code by major functional area so that we can
start development for 5.4 from a more stable base"
* tag 'iomap-5.3-merge-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux:
iomap: move internal declarations into fs/iomap/
iomap: move the main iteration code into a separate file
iomap: move the buffered IO code into a separate file
iomap: move the direct IO code into a separate file
iomap: move the SEEK_HOLE code into a separate file
iomap: move the file mapping reporting code into a separate file
iomap: move the swapfile code into a separate file
iomap: start moving code to fs/iomap/
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Move internal function declarations out of fs/internal.h into
include/linux/iomap.h so that our transition is complete.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the main iteration code into a separate file so that we can group
related functions in a single file instead of having a single enormous
source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the buffered IO code into a separate file so that we can group
related functions in a single file instead of having a single enormous
source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the direct IO code into a separate file so that we can group
related functions in a single file instead of having a single enormous
source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA code into a separate file so that we can
group related functions in a single file instead of having a single
enormous source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the file mapping reporting code (FIEMAP/FIBMAP) into a separate
file so that we can group related functions in a single file instead of
having a single enormous source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Move the swapfile activation code into a separate file so that we can
group related functions in a single file instead of having a single
enormous source file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Create the build infrastructure we need to start migrating iomap code to
fs/iomap/ from fs/iomap.c.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Andreas Gruenbacher
Xu Yu
Christoph Hellwig
Ritesh Harjani
Qian Cai
Jan Stancek
Jan Kara
Matthew Bobrowski
Masahiro Yamada
Linus Torvalds
Darrick J. Wong