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2012-10-23rcu: Add a module parameter to force use of expedited RCU primitivesAntti P Miettinen
There have been some embedded applications that would benefit from use of expedited grace-period primitives. In some ways, this is similar to synchronize_net() doing either a normal or an expedited grace period depending on lock state, but with control outside of the kernel. This commit therefore adds rcu_expedited boot and sysfs parameters that cause the kernel to substitute expedited primitives for the normal grace-period primitives. [ paulmck: Add trace/event/rcu.h to kernel/srcu.c to avoid build error. Get rid of infinite loop through contention path.] Signed-off-by: Antti P Miettinen <amiettinen@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-09-23rcu: Move TINY_PREEMPT_RCU away from raw_local_irq_save()Paul E. McKenney
The use of raw_local_irq_save() is unnecessary, given that local_irq_save() really does disable interrupts. Also, it appears to interfere with lockdep. Therefore, this commit moves to local_irq_save(). Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-07-06rcu: Fix code-style issues involving "else"Paul E. McKenney
The Linux kernel coding style says that single-statement blocks should omit curly braces unless the other leg of the "if" statement has multiple statements, in which case the curly braces should be included. This commit fixes RCU's violations of this rule. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2012-07-06Merge branches 'bigrtm.2012.07.04a', 'doctorture.2012.07.02a', ↵Paul E. McKenney
'fixes.2012.07.06a' and 'fnh.2012.07.02a' into HEAD bigrtm: First steps towards getting RCU out of the way of tens-of-microseconds real-time response on systems compiled with NR_CPUS=4096. Also cleanups for and increased concurrency of rcu_barrier() family of primitives. doctorture: rcutorture and documentation improvements. fixes: Miscellaneous fixes. fnh: RCU_FAST_NO_HZ fixes and improvements.
2012-07-02rcu: The rcu_needs_cpu() function is not a quiescent statePaul E. McKenney
The TINY_PREEMPT_RCU() function rcu_preempt_needs_cpu(), which is called from rcu_needs_cpu(), assumes that it is in a quiescent state with respect to the CPU. This is no longer the case. This commit therefore updates rcu_preempt_needs_cpu() to make it aware that it is not running in a quiescent state. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Tested-by: Pascal Chapperon <pascal.chapperon@wanadoo.fr>
2012-07-02rcu: Consolidate tree/tiny __rcu_read_{,un}lock() implementationsPaul E. McKenney
The CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU and CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU versions of __rcu_read_lock() and __rcu_read_unlock() are identical, so this commit consolidates them into kernel/rcupdate.h. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2012-05-02rcu: Make exit_rcu() more precise and consolidatePaul E. McKenney
When running preemptible RCU, if a task exits in an RCU read-side critical section having blocked within that same RCU read-side critical section, the task must be removed from the list of tasks blocking a grace period (perhaps the current grace period, perhaps the next grace period, depending on timing). The exit() path invokes exit_rcu() to do this cleanup. However, the current implementation of exit_rcu() needlessly does the cleanup even if the task did not block within the current RCU read-side critical section, which wastes time and needlessly increases the size of the state space. Fix this by only doing the cleanup if the current task is actually on the list of tasks blocking some grace period. While we are at it, consolidate the two identical exit_rcu() functions into a single function. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Conflicts: kernel/rcupdate.c
2012-02-21rcu: Simplify unboosting checksPaul E. McKenney
This is a port of commit #82e78d80 from TREE_PREEMPT_RCU to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. This commit uses the fact that current->rcu_boost_mutex is set any time that the RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BOOSTED flag is set in the current->rcu_read_unlock_special bitmask. This allows tests of the bit to be changed to tests of the pointer, which in turn allows the RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BOOSTED flag to be eliminated. Please note that the check of current->rcu_read_unlock_special need not change because any time that RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BOOSTED was set, so was RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BLOCKED. Therefore, __rcu_read_unlock() can continue testing current->rcu_read_unlock_special for non-zero, as before. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21rcu: Inform RCU of irq_exit() activityPaul E. McKenney
This is a port to TINY_RCU of Peter Zijlstra's commit #ec433f0c5 The rcu_read_unlock_special() function relies on in_irq() to exclude scheduler activity from interrupt level. This fails because exit_irq() can invoke the scheduler after clearing the preempt_count() bits that in_irq() uses to determine that it is at interrupt level. This situation can result in failures as follows: $task IRQ SoftIRQ rcu_read_lock() /* do stuff */ <preempt> |= UNLOCK_BLOCKED rcu_read_unlock() --t->rcu_read_lock_nesting irq_enter(); /* do stuff, don't use RCU */ irq_exit(); sub_preempt_count(IRQ_EXIT_OFFSET); invoke_softirq() ttwu(); spin_lock_irq(&pi->lock) rcu_read_lock(); /* do stuff */ rcu_read_unlock(); rcu_read_unlock_special() rcu_report_exp_rnp() ttwu() spin_lock_irq(&pi->lock) /* deadlock */ rcu_read_unlock_special(t); This can be triggered 'easily' because invoke_softirq() immediately does a ttwu() of ksoftirqd/# instead of doing the in-place softirq stuff first, but even without that the above happens. Cure this by also excluding softirqs from the rcu_read_unlock_special() handler and ensuring the force_irqthreads ksoftirqd/# wakeup is done from full softirq context. It is also necessary to delay the ->rcu_read_lock_nesting decrement until after rcu_read_unlock_special(). This delay is handled by the commit "Protect __rcu_read_unlock() against scheduler-using irq handlers". Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21rcu: Prevent RCU callbacks from executing before scheduler initializedPaul E. McKenney
This is a port of commit #b0d3041 from TREE_RCU to TREE_PREEMPT_RCU. Under some rare but real combinations of configuration parameters, RCU callbacks are posted during early boot that use kernel facilities that are not yet initialized. Therefore, when these callbacks are invoked, hard hangs and crashes ensue. This commit therefore prevents RCU callbacks from being invoked until after the scheduler is fully up and running, as in after multiple tasks have been spawned. It might well turn out that a better approach is to identify the specific RCU callbacks that are causing this problem, but that discussion will wait until such time as someone really needs an RCU callback to be invoked (as opposed to merely registered) during early boot. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21rcu: Streamline code produced by __rcu_read_unlock()Paul E. McKenney
This is a port of commit #be0e1e21 to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. This uses noinline to prevent rcu_read_unlock_special() from being inlined into __rcu_read_unlock(). Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21rcu: Protect __rcu_read_unlock() against scheduler-using irq handlersPaul E. McKenney
This commit ports commit #10f39bb1b2 (rcu: protect __rcu_read_unlock() against scheduler-using irq handlers) from TREE_PREEMPT_RCU to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. The following is a corresponding port of that commit message. The addition of RCU read-side critical sections within runqueue and priority-inheritance critical sections introduced some deadlocks, for example, involving interrupts from __rcu_read_unlock() where the interrupt handlers call wake_up(). This situation can cause the instance of __rcu_read_unlock() invoked from interrupt to do some of the processing that would otherwise have been carried out by the task-level instance of __rcu_read_unlock(). When the interrupt-level instance of __rcu_read_unlock() is called with a scheduler lock held from interrupt-entry/exit situations where in_irq() returns false, deadlock can result. Of course, in a UP kernel, there are not really any deadlocks, but the upper-level critical section can still be be fatally confused by the lower-level critical section changing things out from under it. This commit resolves these deadlocks by using negative values of the per-task ->rcu_read_lock_nesting counter to indicate that an instance of __rcu_read_unlock() is in flight, which in turn prevents instances from interrupt handlers from doing any special processing. Note that nested rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() pairs are still permitted, but they will never see ->rcu_read_lock_nesting go to zero, and will therefore never invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(), thus preventing them from seeing the RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BLOCKED bit should it be set in ->rcu_read_unlock_special. This patch also adds a check for ->rcu_read_unlock_special being negative in rcu_check_callbacks(), thus preventing the RCU_READ_UNLOCK_NEED_QS bit from being set should a scheduling-clock interrupt occur while __rcu_read_unlock() is exiting from an outermost RCU read-side critical section. Of course, __rcu_read_unlock() can be preempted during the time that ->rcu_read_lock_nesting is negative. This could result in the setting of the RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BLOCKED bit after __rcu_read_unlock() checks it, and would also result it this task being queued on the corresponding rcu_node structure's blkd_tasks list. Therefore, some later RCU read-side critical section would enter rcu_read_unlock_special() to clean up -- which could result in deadlock (OK, OK, fatal confusion) if that RCU read-side critical section happened to be in the scheduler where the runqueue or priority-inheritance locks were held. To prevent the possibility of fatal confusion that might result from preemption during the time that ->rcu_read_lock_nesting is negative, this commit also makes rcu_preempt_note_context_switch() check for negative ->rcu_read_lock_nesting, thus refraining from queuing the task (and from setting RCU_READ_UNLOCK_BLOCKED) if we are already exiting from the outermost RCU read-side critical section (in other words, we really are no longer actually in that RCU read-side critical section). In addition, rcu_preempt_note_context_switch() invokes rcu_read_unlock_special() to carry out the cleanup in this case, which clears out the ->rcu_read_unlock_special bits and dequeues the task (if necessary), in turn avoiding needless delay of the current RCU grace period and needless RCU priority boosting. It is still illegal to call rcu_read_unlock() while holding a scheduler lock if the prior RCU read-side critical section has ever had both preemption and irqs enabled. However, the common use case is legal, namely where then entire RCU read-side critical section executes with irqs disabled, for example, when the scheduler lock is held across the entire lifetime of the RCU read-side critical section. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21rcu: Add lockdep-RCU checks for simple self-deadlockPaul E. McKenney
It is illegal to have a grace period within a same-flavor RCU read-side critical section, so this commit adds lockdep-RCU checks to splat when such abuse is encountered. This commit does not detect more elaborate RCU deadlock situations. These situations might be a job for lockdep enhancements. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11rcu: Apply ACCESS_ONCE() to rcu_boost() return valuePaul E. McKenney
Both TINY_RCU's and TREE_RCU's implementations of rcu_boost() access the ->boost_tasks and ->exp_tasks fields without preventing concurrent changes to these fields. This commit therefore applies ACCESS_ONCE in order to prevent compiler mischief. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11rcu: Augment rcu_batch_end tracing for idle and callback statePaul E. McKenney
The current rcu_batch_end event trace records only the name of the RCU flavor and the total number of callbacks that remain queued on the current CPU. This is insufficient for testing and tuning the new dyntick-idle RCU_FAST_NO_HZ code, so this commit adds idle state along with whether or not any of the callbacks that were ready to invoke at the beginning of rcu_do_batch() are still queued. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-10-31kernel: fix up module header handling in rcutiny filesPaul Gortmaker
The file rcutiny.c does not need moduleparam.h header, as there are no modparams in this file. However rcutiny_plugin.h does define a module_init() and a module_exit() and it uses the various MODULE_ macros, so it really does need module.h included. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-09-28rcu: Make TINY_RCU also use softirq for RCU_BOOST=nPaul E. McKenney
This patch #ifdefs TINY_RCU kthreads out of the kernel unless RCU_BOOST=y, thus eliminating context-switch overhead if RCU priority boosting has not been configured. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28rcu: Put names into TINY_RCU structures under RCU_TRACEPaul E. McKenney
In order to allow event tracing to distinguish between flavors of RCU, we need those names in the relevant RCU data structures. TINY_RCU has avoided them for memory-footprint reasons, so add them only if CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28rcu: Abstract common code for RCU grace-period-wait primitivesPaul E. McKenney
Pull the code that waits for an RCU grace period into a single function, which is then called by synchronize_rcu() and friends in the case of TREE_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, and from rcu_barrier() and friends in the case of TINY_RCU and TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05rcu: Converge TINY_RCU expedited and normal boostingPaul E. McKenney
This applies a trick from TREE_RCU boosting to TINY_RCU, eliminating code and adding comments. The key point is that it is possible for the booster thread itself to work out whether there is a normal or expedited boost required based solely on local information. There is therefore no need for boost initiation to know or care what type of boosting is required. In addition, when boosting is complete for a given grace period, then by definition there cannot be any more boosting for that grace period. This allows eliminating yet more state and statistics. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05rcu: remove useless ->boosted_this_gp fieldPaul E. McKenney
The ->boosted_this_gp field is a holdover from an earlier design that was to carry out multiple boost operations in parallel. It is not required by the current design, which boosts one task at a time. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05rcu: code cleanups in TINY_RCU priority boosting.Paul E. McKenney
Extraneous semicolon, bad comment, and fold INIT_LIST_HEAD() into list_del() to get list_del_init(). Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-03-04rcu: call __rcu_read_unlock() in exit_rcu for tiny RCULai Jiangshan
Using __rcu_read_lock() in place of rcu_read_lock() leaves any debug state as it really should be, namely with the lock still held. Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29rcu: Distinguish between boosting and boostedPaul E. McKenney
RCU priority boosting's tracing did not distinguish between ongoing boosting and completion of boosting. This commit therefore adds this capability. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29rcu: add tracing for TINY_RCU and TINY_PREEMPT_RCUPaul E. McKenney
Add tracing for the tiny RCU implementations, including statistics on boosting in the case of TINY_PREEMPT_RCU and RCU_BOOST. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29rcu: priority boosting for TINY_PREEMPT_RCUPaul E. McKenney
Add priority boosting, but only for TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. This is enabled by the default-off RCU_BOOST kernel parameter. The priority to which to boost preempted RCU readers is controlled by the RCU_BOOST_PRIO kernel parameter (defaulting to real-time priority 1) and the time to wait before boosting the readers blocking a given grace period is controlled by the RCU_BOOST_DELAY kernel parameter (defaulting to 500 milliseconds). Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-17rcu: move TINY_RCU from softirq to kthreadPaul E. McKenney
If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers. Otherwise, in presence of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't get invoked. If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM. But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-27rcu: performance fixes to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU callback checkingPaul E. McKenney
This commit tightens up checks in rcu_preempt_check_callbacks() to avoid unnecessary special handling at rcu_read_unlock() time. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20rcu: repair code-duplication FIXMEsPaul E. McKenney
Combine the duplicate definitions of ULONG_CMP_GE(), ULONG_CMP_LT(), and rcu_preempt_depth() into include/linux/rcupdate.h. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20rcu: Add a TINY_PREEMPT_RCUPaul E. McKenney
Implement a small-memory-footprint uniprocessor-only implementation of preemptible RCU. This implementation uses but a single blocked-tasks list rather than the combinatorial number used per leaf rcu_node by TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, which reduces memory consumption and greatly simplifies processing. This version also takes advantage of uniprocessor execution to accelerate grace periods in the case where there are no readers. The general design is otherwise broadly similar to that of TREE_PREEMPT_RCU. This implementation is a step towards having RCU implementation driven off of the SMP and PREEMPT kernel configuration variables, which can happen once this implementation has accumulated sufficient experience. Removed ACCESS_ONCE() from __rcu_read_unlock() and added barrier() as suggested by Steve Rostedt in order to avoid the compiler-reordering issue noted by Mathieu Desnoyers (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/16/183). As can be seen below, CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU represents almost 5Kbyte savings compared to CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU. Of course, for non-real-time workloads, CONFIG_TINY_RCU is even better. CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 6170 825 28 7023 kernel/rcutree.o ---- 7026 Total CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 2081 81 8 2170 kernel/rcutiny.o ---- 2183 Total CONFIG_TINY_RCU (non-preemptible) text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 719 25 0 744 kernel/rcutiny.o --- 757 Total Requested-by: Loïc Minier <loic.minier@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10rcu: slim down rcutiny by removing rcu_scheduler_active and friendsPaul E. McKenney
TINY_RCU does not need rcu_scheduler_active unless CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC. So conditionally compile rcu_scheduler_active in order to slim down rcutiny a bit more. Also gets rid of an EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, which is responsible for most of the slimming. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>