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Since commit 2aedcd098a94 ('kbuild: suppress annoying "... is up to
date." message'), $(call if_changed,...) is evaluated to "@:"
when there is nothing to do.
We no longer need to add "@:" after $(call if_changed,...) to
suppress "... is up to date." message.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
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The variable "random" is also the name of a libc function. It's better
coding style to avoid overloading such things, so rename it to the more
accurate "random_addr".
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-7-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The name "choose_kernel_location" isn't specific enough, and doesn't
describe the primary thing it does: choosing a random location. This
patch renames it to "choose_random_location", and clarifies the what
routines are contained in the kaslr.c source file.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-6-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The function "decompress_kernel" now performs many more duties, so this
patch renames it to "extract_kernel" and updates callers and comments.
Additionally the file header comment for misc.c is improved to actually
describe what is contained.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The non-compressed boot code uses the (much more obvious) name
"boot_params" for the global pointer to the x86 boot parameters. The
compressed kernel loader code, though, was using the legacy name
"real_mode". There is no need to have a different name, and changing it
improves readability.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-4-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Since the boot_params can be found using the real_mode global variable,
there is no need to pass around a pointer to it. This slightly simplifies
the choose_kernel_location function and its callers.
[kees: rewrote changelog, tracked file rename]
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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In order to avoid confusion over what this file provides, rename it to
kaslr.c since it is used exclusively for the kernel ASLR, not userspace
ASLR.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The 32-bit x86 assembler in binutils 2.26 will generate R_386_GOT32X
relocation to get the symbol address in PIC. When the compressed x86
kernel isn't built as PIC, the linker optimizes R_386_GOT32X relocations
to their fixed symbol addresses. However, when the compressed x86
kernel is loaded at a different address, it leads to the following
load failure:
Failed to allocate space for phdrs
during the decompression stage.
If the compressed x86 kernel is relocatable at run-time, it should be
compiled with -fPIE, instead of -fPIC, if possible and should be built as
Position Independent Executable (PIE) so that linker won't optimize
R_386_GOT32X relocation to its fixed symbol address.
Older linkers generate R_386_32 relocations against locally defined
symbols, _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot, in PIE. It isn't wrong, just less
optimal than R_386_RELATIVE. But the x86 kernel fails to properly handle
R_386_32 relocations when relocating the kernel. To generate
R_386_RELATIVE relocations, we mark _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot as
hidden in both 32-bit and 64-bit x86 kernels.
To build a 64-bit compressed x86 kernel as PIE, we need to disable the
relocation overflow check to avoid relocation overflow errors. We do
this with a new linker command-line option, -z noreloc-overflow, which
got added recently:
commit 4c10bbaa0912742322f10d9d5bb630ba4e15dfa7
Author: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Date: Tue Mar 15 11:07:06 2016 -0700
Add -z noreloc-overflow option to x86-64 ld
Add -z noreloc-overflow command-line option to the x86-64 ELF linker to
disable relocation overflow check. This can be used to avoid relocation
overflow check if there will be no dynamic relocation overflow at
run-time.
The 64-bit compressed x86 kernel is built as PIE only if the linker supports
-z noreloc-overflow. So far 64-bit relocatable compressed x86 kernel
boots fine even when it is built as a normal executable.
Signed-off-by: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Edited the changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing
(randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique
that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a
system. A notable user-space example is AFL
(http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not
widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel
support.
kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to
collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs.
To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard
interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or
non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the
API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also
implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash
table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've
dropped the second mode for simplicity.
This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary
compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296.
We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has
found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months:
https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs
We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller.
Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly
help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a
random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire.
Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset
coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A
typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid
input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as
reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic
blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of
kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of
that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always
background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage.
With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible.
kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is
insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible.
Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode']
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull 'objtool' stack frame validation from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree adds a new kernel build-time object file validation feature
(ONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION=y): kernel stack frame correctness validation.
It was written by and is maintained by Josh Poimboeuf.
The motivation: there's a category of hard to find kernel bugs, most
of them in assembly code (but also occasionally in C code), that
degrades the quality of kernel stack dumps/backtraces. These bugs are
hard to detect at the source code level. Such bugs result in
incorrect/incomplete backtraces most of time - but can also in some
rare cases result in crashes or other undefined behavior.
The build time correctness checking is done via the new 'objtool'
user-space utility that was written for this purpose and which is
hosted in the kernel repository in tools/objtool/. The tool's (very
simple) UI and source code design is shaped after Git and perf and
shares quite a bit of infrastructure with tools/perf (which tooling
infrastructure sharing effort got merged via perf and is already
upstream). Objtool follows the well-known kernel coding style.
Objtool does not try to check .c or .S files, it instead analyzes the
resulting .o generated machine code from first principles: it decodes
the instruction stream and interprets it. (Right now objtool supports
the x86-64 architecture.)
From tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt:
"The kernel CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION option enables a host tool named
objtool which runs at compile time. It has a "check" subcommand
which analyzes every .o file and ensures the validity of its stack
metadata. It enforces a set of rules on asm code and C inline
assembly code so that stack traces can be reliable.
Currently it only checks frame pointer usage, but there are plans to
add CFI validation for C files and CFI generation for asm files.
For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths
and validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.
It also follows code paths involving special sections, like
.altinstructions, __jump_table, and __ex_table, which can add
alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
instructions). Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements,
for which gcc sometimes uses jump tables."
When this new kernel option is enabled (it's disabled by default), the
tool, if it finds any suspicious assembly code pattern, outputs
warnings in compiler warning format:
warning: objtool: rtlwifi_rate_mapping()+0x2e7: frame pointer state mismatch
warning: objtool: cik_tiling_mode_table_init()+0x6ce: call without frame pointer save/setup
warning: objtool:__schedule()+0x3c0: duplicate frame pointer save
warning: objtool:__schedule()+0x3fd: sibling call from callable instruction with changed frame pointer
... so that scripts that pick up compiler warnings will notice them.
All known warnings triggered by the tool are fixed by the tree, most
of the commits in fact prepare the kernel to be warning-free. Most of
them are bugfixes or cleanups that stand on their own, but there are
also some annotations of 'special' stack frames for justified cases
such entries to JIT-ed code (BPF) or really special boot time code.
There are two other long-term motivations behind this tool as well:
- To improve the quality and reliability of kernel stack frames, so
that they can be used for optimized live patching.
- To create independent infrastructure to check the correctness of
CFI stack frames at build time. CFI debuginfo is notoriously
unreliable and we cannot use it in the kernel as-is without extra
checking done both on the kernel side and on the build side.
The quality of kernel stack frames matters to debuggability as well,
so IMO we can merge this without having to consider the live patching
or CFI debuginfo angle"
* 'core-objtool-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (52 commits)
objtool: Only print one warning per function
objtool: Add several performance improvements
tools: Copy hashtable.h into tools directory
objtool: Fix false positive warnings for functions with multiple switch statements
objtool: Rename some variables and functions
objtool: Remove superflous INIT_LIST_HEAD
objtool: Add helper macros for traversing instructions
objtool: Fix false positive warnings related to sibling calls
objtool: Compile with debugging symbols
objtool: Detect infinite recursion
objtool: Prevent infinite recursion in noreturn detection
objtool: Detect and warn if libelf is missing and don't break the build
tools: Support relative directory path for 'O='
objtool: Support CROSS_COMPILE
x86/asm/decoder: Use explicitly signed chars
objtool: Enable stack metadata validation on 64-bit x86
objtool: Add CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION option
objtool: Add tool to perform compile-time stack metadata validation
x86/kprobes: Mark kretprobe_trampoline() stack frame as non-standard
sched: Always inline context_switch()
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Early command line options parsing enhancements from Dave Hansen, plus
minor cleanups and enhancements"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/boot: Remove unused 'is_big_kernel' variable
x86/boot: Use proper array element type in memset() size calculation
x86/boot: Pass in size to early cmdline parsing
x86/boot: Simplify early command line parsing
x86/boot: Fix early command-line parsing when partial word matches
x86/boot: Fix early command-line parsing when matching at end
x86/boot: Simplify kernel load address alignment check
x86/boot: Micro-optimize reset_early_page_tables()
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Code which runs outside the kernel's normal mode of operation often does
unusual things which can cause a static analysis tool like objtool to
emit false positive warnings:
- boot image
- vdso image
- relocation
- realmode
- efi
- head
- purgatory
- modpost
Set OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD for their related files and directories,
which will tell objtool to skip checking them. It's ok to skip them
because they don't affect runtime stack traces.
Also skip the following code which does the right thing with respect to
frame pointers, but is too "special" to be validated by a tool:
- entry
- mcount
Also skip the test_nx module because it modifies its exception handling
table at runtime, which objtool can't understand. Fortunately it's
just a test module so it doesn't matter much.
Currently objtool is the only user of OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD, but it
might eventually be useful for other tools.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/366c080e3844e8a5b6a0327dc7e8c2b90ca3baeb.1456719558.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Variable is_big_kernel is defined in arch/x86/boot/tools/build.c but
never used anywhere.
Boris noted that its usage went away 7 years ago, as of:
5e47c478b0b6 ("x86: remove zImage support")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Iooss <nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455453358-4088-1-git-send-email-nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Move them to a separate header and have the following
dependency:
x86/cpufeatures.h <- x86/processor.h <- x86/cpufeature.h
This makes it easier to use the header in asm code and not
include the whole cpufeature.h and add guards for asm.
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453842730-28463-5-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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UBSAN uses compile-time instrumentation to catch undefined behavior
(UB). Compiler inserts code that perform certain kinds of checks before
operations that could cause UB. If check fails (i.e. UB detected)
__ubsan_handle_* function called to print error message.
So the most of the work is done by compiler. This patch just implements
ubsan handlers printing errors.
GCC has this capability since 4.9.x [1] (see -fsanitize=undefined
option and its suboptions).
However GCC 5.x has more checkers implemented [2].
Article [3] has a bit more details about UBSAN in the GCC.
[1] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
[2] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
[3] - http://developerblog.redhat.com/2014/10/16/gcc-undefined-behavior-sanitizer-ubsan/
Issues which UBSAN has found thus far are:
Found bugs:
* out-of-bounds access - 97840cb67ff5 ("netfilter: nfnetlink: fix
insufficient validation in nfnetlink_bind")
undefined shifts:
* d48458d4a768 ("jbd2: use a better hash function for the revoke
table")
* 10632008b9e1 ("clockevents: Prevent shift out of bounds")
* 'x << -1' shift in ext4 -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<5444EF21.8020501@samsung.com>
* undefined rol32(0) -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449198241-20654-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com>
* undefined dirty_ratelimit calculation -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<566594E2.3050306@odin.com>
* undefined roundown_pow_of_two(0) -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449156616-11474-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com>
* [WONTFIX] undefined shift in __bpf_prog_run -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+ZxoR3UjLgcNdUm4fECLMx2VdtfrENMtRRCdgHB2n0bJA@mail.gmail.com>
WONTFIX here because it should be fixed in bpf program, not in kernel.
signed overflows:
* 32a8df4e0b33f ("sched: Fix odd values in effective_load()
calculations")
* mul overflow in ntp -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449175608-1146-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com>
* incorrect conversion into rtc_time in rtc_time64_to_tm() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449187944-11730-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com>
* unvalidated timespec in io_getevents() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+bBxVYLQ6LtOKrKtnLthqLHcw-BMp3aqP3mjdAvr9FULQ@mail.gmail.com>
* [NOTABUG] signed overflow in ktime_add_safe() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+aJ4muRnWxsUe1CMnA6P8nooO33kwG-c8YZg=0Xc8rJqw@mail.gmail.com>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix unused local warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix __int128 build woes]
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Yury Gribov <y.gribov@samsung.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Recent PAT patchset has caused issue on 32-bit PAE machines:
page:eea45000 count:0 mapcount:-128 mapping: (null) index:0x0 flags: 0x40000000()
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_mapcount(page) < 0)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at /home/build/linux-boris/mm/huge_memory.c:1485!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
[...]
Call Trace:
unmap_single_vma
? __wake_up
unmap_vmas
unmap_region
do_munmap
vm_munmap
SyS_munmap
do_fast_syscall_32
? __do_page_fault
sysenter_past_esp
Code: ...
EIP: [<c11bde80>] zap_huge_pmd+0x240/0x260 SS:ESP 0068:f6459d98
The problem is in pmd_pfn_mask() and pmd_flags_mask(). These
helpers use PMD_PAGE_MASK to calculate resulting mask.
PMD_PAGE_MASK is 'unsigned long', not 'unsigned long long' as
phys_addr_t is on 32-bit PAE (ARCH_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT). As a
result, the upper bits of resulting mask get truncated.
pud_pfn_mask() and pud_flags_mask() aren't problematic since we
don't have PUD page table level on 32-bit systems, but it's
reasonable to keep them consistent with PMD counterpart.
Introduce PHYSICAL_PMD_PAGE_MASK and PHYSICAL_PUD_PAGE_MASK in
addition to existing PHYSICAL_PAGE_MASK and reworks helpers to
use them.
Reported-and-Tested-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
[ Fix -Woverflow warnings from the realmode code. ]
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jürgen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: elliott@hpe.com
Cc: konrad.wilk@oracle.com
Cc: linux-mm <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Fixes: f70abb0fc3da ("x86/asm: Fix pud/pmd interfaces to handle large PAT bit")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1448878233-11390-2-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Move KASAN_SANITIZE in arch/x86/boot/Makefile above the comment
related to SVGA_MODE, since the comment refers to 'the next line'.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into core/efi
Pull v4.4 EFI updates from Matt Fleming:
- Make the EFI System Resource Table (ESRT) driver explicitly
non-modular by ripping out the module_* code since Kconfig doesn't
allow it to be built as a module anyway. (Paul Gortmaker)
- Make the x86 efi=debug kernel parameter, which enables EFI debug
code and output, generic and usable by arm64. (Leif Lindholm)
- Add support to the x86 EFI boot stub for 64-bit Graphics Output
Protocol frame buffer addresses. (Matt Fleming)
- Detect when the UEFI v2.5 EFI_PROPERTIES_TABLE feature is enabled
in the firmware and set an efi.flags bit so the kernel knows when
it can apply more strict runtime mapping attributes - Ard Biesheuvel
- Auto-load the efi-pstore module on EFI systems, just like we
currently do for the efivars module. (Ben Hutchings)
- Add "efi_fake_mem" kernel parameter which allows the system's EFI
memory map to be updated with additional attributes for specific
memory ranges. This is useful for testing the kernel code that handles
the EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE memmap bit even if your firmware
doesn't include support. (Taku Izumi)
Note: there is a semantic conflict between the following two commits:
8a53554e12e9 ("x86/efi: Fix multiple GOP device support")
ae2ee627dc87 ("efifb: Add support for 64-bit frame buffer addresses")
I fixed up the interaction in the merge commit, changing the type of
current_fb_base from u32 to u64.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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When multiple GOP devices exists, but none of them implements
ConOut, the code should just choose the first GOP (according to
the comments). But currently 'fb_base' will refer to the last GOP,
while other parameters to the first GOP, which will likely
result in a garbled display.
I can reliably reproduce this bug using my ASRock Z87M Extreme4
motherboard with CSM and integrated GPU disabled, and two PCIe
video cards (NVidia GT640 and GTX980), booting from efi-stub
(booting from grub works fine). On the primary display the
ASRock logo remains and on the secondary screen it is garbled
up completely.
Signed-off-by: Kővágó, Zoltán <DirtY.iCE.hu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1444659236-24837-2-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The EFI Graphics Output Protocol uses 64-bit frame buffer addresses
but these get truncated to 32-bit by the EFI boot stub when storing
the address in the 'lfb_base' field of 'struct screen_info'.
Add a 'ext_lfb_base' field for the upper 32-bits of the frame buffer
address and set VIDEO_TYPE_CAPABILITY_64BIT_BASE when the field is
useable.
It turns out that the reason no one has required this support so far
is that there's actually code in tianocore to "downgrade" PCI
resources that have option ROMs and 64-bit BARS from 64-bit to 32-bit
to cope with legacy option ROMs that can't handle 64-bit addresses.
The upshot is that basically all GOP devices in the wild use a 32-bit
frame buffer address.
Still, it is possible to build firmware that uses a full 64-bit GOP
frame buffer address. Chad did, which led to him reporting this issue.
Add support in anticipation of GOP devices using 64-bit addresses more
widely, and so that efifb works out of the box when that happens.
Reported-by: Chad Page <chad.page@znyx.com>
Cc: Pete Hawkins <pete.hawkins@znyx.com>
Acked-by: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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When loading x86 64bit kernel above 4GiB with patched grub2, got kernel
gunzip error.
| early console in decompress_kernel
| decompress_kernel:
| input: [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
| output: [0x807cc00000-0x807f3ea29b] 0x027ea29c: output_len
| boot via startup_64
| KASLR using RDTSC...
| new output: [0x46fe000000-0x470138cfff] 0x0338d000: output_run_size
| decompress: [0x46fe000000-0x47007ea29b] <=== [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
|
| Decompressing Linux... gz...
|
| uncompression error
|
| -- System halted
the new buffer is at 0x46fe000000ULL, decompressor_gzip is using
0xffffffb901ffffff as out_len. gunzip in lib/zlib_inflate/inflate.c cap
that len to 0x01ffffff and decompress fails later.
We could hit this problem with crashkernel booting that uses kexec loading
kernel above 4GiB.
We have decompress_* support:
1. inbuf[]/outbuf[] for kernel preboot.
2. inbuf[]/flush() for initramfs
3. fill()/flush() for initrd.
This bug only affect kernel preboot path that use outbuf[].
Add __decompress and take real out_buf_len for gunzip instead of guessing
wrong buf size.
Fixes: 1431574a1c4 (lib/decompressors: fix "no limit" output buffer length)
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jon Medhurst <tixy@linaro.org>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There are two kexec load syscalls, kexec_load another and kexec_file_load.
kexec_file_load has been splited as kernel/kexec_file.c. In this patch I
split kexec_load syscall code to kernel/kexec.c.
And add a new kconfig option KEXEC_CORE, so we can disable kexec_load and
use kexec_file_load only, or vice verse.
The original requirement is from Ted Ts'o, he want kexec kernel signature
being checked with CONFIG_KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG enabled. But kexec-tools use
kexec_load syscall can bypass the checking.
Vivek Goyal proposed to create a common kconfig option so user can compile
in only one syscall for loading kexec kernel. KEXEC/KEXEC_FILE selects
KEXEC_CORE so that old config files still work.
Because there's general code need CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE, so I updated all the
architecture Kconfig with a new option KEXEC_CORE, and let KEXEC selects
KEXEC_CORE in arch Kconfig. Also updated general kernel code with to
kexec_load syscall.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@fedoraproject.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main x86 bootup related changes in this cycle were:
- more boot time optimizations. (Len Brown)
- implement hex output to allow the debugging of early bootup
parameters. (Kees Cook)
- remove obsolete MCA leftovers. (Paolo Pisati)"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/smpboot: Remove APIC.wait_for_init_deassert and atomic init_deasserted
x86/smpboot: Remove SIPI delays from cpu_up()
x86/smpboot: Remove udelay(100) when polling cpu_callin_map
x86/smpboot: Remove udelay(100) when polling cpu_initialized_map
x86/boot: Obsolete the MCA sys_desc_table
x86/boot: Add hex output for debugging
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changes
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This reverts commit:
aeffc4928ea2 ("x86/efi: Request desired alignment via the PE/COFF headers")
Linn reports that Signtool complains that kernels built with
CONFIG_EFI_STUB=y are violating the PE/COFF specification because
the 'SizeOfImage' field is not a multiple of 'SectionAlignment'.
This violation was introduced as an optimisation to skip having
the kernel relocate itself during boot and instead have the
firmware place it at a correctly aligned address.
No one else has complained and I'm not aware of any firmware
implementations that refuse to boot with commit aeffc4928ea2,
but it's a real bug, so revert the offending commit.
Reported-by: Linn Crosetto <linn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438936621-5215-3-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The efi_info structure stores low 32 bits of memory map
in efi_memmap and high 32 bits in efi_memmap_hi.
While constructing pointer in the setup_e820(), need
to take into account all 64 bit of the pointer.
It is because on 64bit machine the function
efi_get_memory_map() may return full 64bit pointer and before
the patch that pointer was truncated.
The issue is triggered on Parallles virtual machine and
fixed with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Skorodumov <sdmitry@parallels.com>
Cc: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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The kernel does not support the MCA bus anymroe, so mark sys_desc_table
as obsolete: remove any reference from the code together with the remaining
of MCA logic.
bloat-o-meter output:
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-55 (-55)
function old new delta
i386_start_kernel 128 119 -9
setup_arch 1421 1375 -46
Signed-off-by: Paolo Pisati <p.pisati@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1437409430-8491-1-git-send-email-p.pisati@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This is useful for reporting various addresses or other values
while debugging early boot, for example, the recent kernel image
size vs kernel run size. For example, when
CONFIG_X86_VERBOSE_BOOTUP is set, this is now visible at boot
time:
early console in setup code
early console in decompress_kernel
input_data: 0x0000000001e1526e
input_len: 0x0000000000732236
output: 0x0000000001000000
output_len: 0x0000000001535640
run_size: 0x00000000021fb000
KASLR using RDTSC...
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150706230620.GA17501@www.outflux.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Now that there is no paravirt TSC, the "native" is
inappropriate. The function does RDTSC, so give it the obvious
name: rdtsc().
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Huang Rui <ray.huang@amd.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: kvm ML <kvm@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fd43e16281991f096c1e4d21574d9e1402c62d39.1434501121.git.luto@kernel.org
[ Ported it to v4.2-rc1. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Now that the ->read_tsc() paravirt hook is gone, rdtscll() is
just a wrapper around native_read_tsc(). Unwrap it.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Huang Rui <ray.huang@amd.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: kvm ML <kvm@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d2449ae62c1b1fb90195bcfb19ef4a35883a04dc.1434501121.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm subsystem from Dan Williams:
"The libnvdimm sub-system introduces, in addition to the
libnvdimm-core, 4 drivers / enabling modules:
NFIT:
Instantiates an "nvdimm bus" with the core and registers memory
devices (NVDIMMs) enumerated by the ACPI 6.0 NFIT (NVDIMM Firmware
Interface table).
After registering NVDIMMs the NFIT driver then registers "region"
devices. A libnvdimm-region defines an access mode and the
boundaries of persistent memory media. A region may span multiple
NVDIMMs that are interleaved by the hardware memory controller. In
turn, a libnvdimm-region can be carved into a "namespace" device and
bound to the PMEM or BLK driver which will attach a Linux block
device (disk) interface to the memory.
PMEM:
Initially merged in v4.1 this driver for contiguous spans of
persistent memory address ranges is re-worked to drive
PMEM-namespaces emitted by the libnvdimm-core.
In this update the PMEM driver, on x86, gains the ability to assert
that writes to persistent memory have been flushed all the way
through the caches and buffers in the platform to persistent media.
See memcpy_to_pmem() and wmb_pmem().
BLK:
This new driver enables access to persistent memory media through
"Block Data Windows" as defined by the NFIT. The primary difference
of this driver to PMEM is that only a small window of persistent
memory is mapped into system address space at any given point in
time.
Per-NVDIMM windows are reprogrammed at run time, per-I/O, to access
different portions of the media. BLK-mode, by definition, does not
support DAX.
BTT:
This is a library, optionally consumed by either PMEM or BLK, that
converts a byte-accessible namespace into a disk with atomic sector
update semantics (prevents sector tearing on crash or power loss).
The sinister aspect of sector tearing is that most applications do
not know they have a atomic sector dependency. At least today's
disk's rarely ever tear sectors and if they do one almost certainly
gets a CRC error on access. NVDIMMs will always tear and always
silently. Until an application is audited to be robust in the
presence of sector-tearing the usage of BTT is recommended.
Thanks to: Ross Zwisler, Jeff Moyer, Vishal Verma, Christoph Hellwig,
Ingo Molnar, Neil Brown, Boaz Harrosh, Robert Elliott, Matthew Wilcox,
Andy Rudoff, Linda Knippers, Toshi Kani, Nicholas Moulin, Rafael
Wysocki, and Bob Moore"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/nvdimm: (33 commits)
arch, x86: pmem api for ensuring durability of persistent memory updates
libnvdimm: Add sysfs numa_node to NVDIMM devices
libnvdimm: Set numa_node to NVDIMM devices
acpi: Add acpi_map_pxm_to_online_node()
libnvdimm, nfit: handle unarmed dimms, mark namespaces read-only
pmem: flag pmem block devices as non-rotational
libnvdimm: enable iostat
pmem: make_request cleanups
libnvdimm, pmem: fix up max_hw_sectors
libnvdimm, blk: add support for blk integrity
libnvdimm, btt: add support for blk integrity
fs/block_dev.c: skip rw_page if bdev has integrity
libnvdimm: Non-Volatile Devices
tools/testing/nvdimm: libnvdimm unit test infrastructure
libnvdimm, nfit, nd_blk: driver for BLK-mode access persistent memory
nd_btt: atomic sector updates
libnvdimm: infrastructure for btt devices
libnvdimm: write blk label set
libnvdimm: write pmem label set
libnvdimm: blk labels and namespace instantiation
...
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Linus reported the following new warning on x86 allmodconfig with GCC 5.1:
> ./arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h: In function ‘arch_spin_lock’:
> ./arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h:119:3: warning: implicit declaration
> of function ‘__ticket_lock_spinning’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
> __ticket_lock_spinning(lock, inc.tail);
> ^
This warning triggers because of these hacks in misc.h:
/*
* we have to be careful, because no indirections are allowed here, and
* paravirt_ops is a kind of one. As it will only run in baremetal anyway,
* we just keep it from happening
*/
#undef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
#undef CONFIG_KASAN
But these hacks were not updated when CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS was added,
and eventually (with the introduction of queued paravirt spinlocks in
recent kernels) this created an invalid Kconfig combination and broke
the build.
So add a CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS #undef line as well.
Also remove the _ASM_X86_DESC_H quirk: that undocumented quirk
was originally added ages ago, in:
099e1377269a ("x86: use ELF format in compressed images.")
and I went back to that kernel (and fixed up the main Makefile
which didn't build anymore) and checked what failure it
avoided: it avoided an include file dependencies related
build failure related to our old x86-platforms code.
That old code is long gone, the header dependencies got cleaned
up, and the build does not fail anymore with the totality of
asm/desc.h included - so remove the quirk.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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ACPI 6.0 formalizes e820-type-7 and efi-type-14 as persistent memory.
Mark it "reserved" and allow it to be claimed by a persistent memory
device driver.
This definition is in addition to the Linux kernel's existing type-12
definition that was recently added in support of shipping platforms with
NVDIMM support that predate ACPI 6.0 (which now classifies type-12 as
OEM reserved).
Note, /proc/iomem can be consulted for differentiating legacy
"Persistent Memory (legacy)" E820_PRAM vs standard "Persistent Memory"
E820_PMEM.
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent
Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:
* Avoid garbage names in efivarfs due to buggy firmware by zeroing
EFI variable name. (Ross Lagerwall)
* Stop erroneously dropping upper 32 bits of boot command line pointer
in EFI boot stub and stash them in ext_cmd_line_ptr. (Roy Franz)
* Fix double-free bug in error handling code path of EFI runtime map
code. (Dan Carpenter)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Until now, the EFI stub was only setting the 32 bit cmd_line_ptr in
the setup_header structure, so on 64 bit platforms this could be truncated.
This patch adds setting the upper bits of the buffer address in
ext_cmd_line_ptr. This case was likely never hit, as the allocation
for this buffer is done at the lowest available address. Only
x86_64 kernels have this problem, as the 1-1 mapping mandated
by EFI ensures that all memory is 32 bit addressable on 32 bit
platforms. The EFI stub does not support mixed mode, so the
32 bit kernel on 64 bit firmware case does not need to be handled.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot changes from Ingo Molnar:
"A number of cleanups"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/boot: Standardize strcmp()
x86/boot/64: Remove pointless early_printk() message
x86/boot/video: Move the 'video_segment' variable to video.c
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Commit:
e2b32e678513 ("x86, kaslr: randomize module base load address")
made module base address randomization unconditional and didn't regard
disabled KKASLR due to CONFIG_HIBERNATION and command line option
"nokaslr". For more info see (now reverted) commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
In order to propagate KASLR status to kernel proper, we need a single bit
in boot_params.hdr.loadflags and we've chosen bit 1 thus leaving the
top-down allocated bits for bits supposed to be used by the bootloader.
Originally-From: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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__BOOT_TSS = (GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_TSS * 8)
GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_TSS = (GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS + 2)
GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS = 2
(2 + 2) * 8 = 4 * 8 = 32 = 0x20
No code changes.
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427899858-7165-2-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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strcmp() is always expected to return 0 when arguments are equal,
negative when its first argument @str1 is less than its second argument
@str2 and a positive value otherwise. Previously strcmp("a", "b")
returned 1. Now it gives -1, as it is supposed to.
Until now this bug never triggered, because all uses for strcmp() in the
boot code tested for nonzero:
triton:~/tip> git grep strcmp arch/x86/boot/
arch/x86/boot/boot.h:int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
arch/x86/boot/edd.c: if (!strcmp(eddarg, "skipmbr") || !strcmp(eddarg, "skip")) {
arch/x86/boot/edd.c: else if (!strcmp(eddarg, "off"))
arch/x86/boot/edd.c: else if (!strcmp(eddarg, "on"))
should in the future strcmp() be used in a comparative way in the boot
code, it might have led to (not so subtle) bugs.
Signed-off-by: Arjun Sreedharan <arjun024@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426520267-1803-1-git-send-email-arjun024@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This reverts commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
The main reason for the revert is that the new boot flag does not work
at all currently, and in order to make this work, we need non-trivial
changes to the x86 boot code which we didn't manage to get done in
time for merging.
And even if we did, they would've been too risky so instead of
rushing things and break booting 4.1 on boxes left and right, we
will be very strict and conservative and will take our time with
this to fix and test it properly.
Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150316100628.GD22995@pd.tnic
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull misc x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"This contains:
- EFI fixes
- a boot printout fix
- ASLR/kASLR fixes
- intel microcode driver fixes
- other misc fixes
Most of the linecount comes from an EFI revert"
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mm/ASLR: Avoid PAGE_SIZE redefinition for UML subarch
x86/microcode/intel: Handle truncated microcode images more robustly
x86/microcode/intel: Guard against stack overflow in the loader
x86, mm/ASLR: Fix stack randomization on 64-bit systems
x86/mm/init: Fix incorrect page size in init_memory_mapping() printks
x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation
Documentation/x86: Fix path in zero-page.txt
x86/apic: Fix the devicetree build in certain configs
Revert "efi/libstub: Call get_memory_map() to obtain map and desc sizes"
x86/efi: Avoid triple faults during EFI mixed mode calls
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bp/bp into x86/urgent
Pull ASLR and kASLR fixes from Borislav Petkov:
- Add a global flag announcing KASLR state so that relevant code can do
informed decisions based on its setting. (Jiri Kosina)
- Fix a stack randomization entropy decrease bug. (Hector Marco-Gisbert)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Commit:
e2b32e678513 ("x86, kaslr: randomize module base load address")
makes the base address for module to be unconditionally randomized in
case when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is defined and "nokaslr" option isn't
present on the commandline.
This is not consistent with how choose_kernel_location() decides whether
it will randomize kernel load base.
Namely, CONFIG_HIBERNATION disables kASLR (unless "kaslr" option is
explicitly specified on kernel commandline), which makes the state space
larger than what module loader is looking at. IOW CONFIG_HIBERNATION &&
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is a valid config option, kASLR wouldn't be applied
by default in that case, but module loader is not aware of that.
Instead of fixing the logic in module.c, this patch takes more generic
aproach. It introduces a new bootparam setup data_type SETUP_KASLR and
uses that to pass the information whether kaslr has been applied during
kernel decompression, and sets a global 'kaslr_enabled' variable
accordingly, so that any kernel code (module loading, livepatching, ...)
can make decisions based on its value.
x86 module loader is converted to make use of this flag.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LNX.2.00.1502101411280.10719@pobox.suse.cz
[ Always dump correct kaslr status when panicking ]
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
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There is already defined macro KEEP_SEGMENTS in
<asm/bootparam.h>, let's use it instead of hardcoded
constants.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1424331298-7456-1-git-send-email-kuleshovmail@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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video.c is the only real user of the 'video_segment' variable,
so move it to video.c and make it static.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1422123092-28750-1-git-send-email-kuleshovmail@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent
Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:
" - Leave a valid 64-bit IDT installed during runtime EFI mixed mode
calls to avoid triple faults if an NMI/MCE is received.
- Revert Ard's change to the libstub get_memory_map() that went into
the v3.20 merge window because it causes boot regressions on Qemu and
Xen. "
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Masahiro Yamada
Kees Cook
Yinghai Lu
H.J. Lu
Dmitry Vyukov
Linus Torvalds
Josh Poimboeuf
Nicolas Iooss
Borislav Petkov
Andrey Ryabinin
Kirill A. Shutemov
Andrey Konovalov
Ingo Molnar
Kővágó, Zoltán
Matt Fleming
Dave Young
Dmitry Skorodumov
Paolo Pisati
Andy Lutomirski
Dan Williams
Roy Franz
Denys Vlasenko
Arjun Sreedharan
Jiri Kosina
Alexander Kuleshov