path: root/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Twisted-12.2.0-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/twisted/web/test/test_webclient.py

# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
Tests for L{twisted.web.client}.
"""

import cookielib
import os
from errno import ENOSPC
import zlib
from StringIO import StringIO

from urlparse import urlparse, urljoin

from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject

from twisted.trial import unittest
from twisted.web import server, static, client, error, util, resource, http_headers
from twisted.web._newclient import RequestNotSent, RequestTransmissionFailed
from twisted.web._newclient import ResponseNeverReceived, ResponseFailed
from twisted.internet import reactor, defer, interfaces, task
from twisted.python.failure import Failure
from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
from twisted.python.log import msg
from twisted.python.components import proxyForInterface
from twisted.protocols.policies import WrappingFactory
from twisted.test.proto_helpers import StringTransport
from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
from twisted.internet.task import Clock
from twisted.internet.error import ConnectionRefusedError, ConnectionDone
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, Factory
from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, succeed
from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint, SSL4ClientEndpoint
from twisted.web.client import FileBodyProducer, Request, HTTPConnectionPool
from twisted.web.client import _WebToNormalContextFactory
from twisted.web.client import WebClientContextFactory, _HTTP11ClientFactory
from twisted.web.iweb import UNKNOWN_LENGTH, IBodyProducer, IResponse
from twisted.web._newclient import HTTP11ClientProtocol, Response
from twisted.web.error import SchemeNotSupported

try:
    from twisted.internet import ssl
except:
    ssl = None



class ExtendedRedirect(resource.Resource):
    """
    Redirection resource.

    The HTTP status code is set according to the C{code} query parameter.

    @type lastMethod: C{str}
    @ivar lastMethod: Last handled HTTP request method
    """
    isLeaf = 1
    lastMethod = None


    def __init__(self, url):
        resource.Resource.__init__(self)
        self.url = url


    def render(self, request):
        if self.lastMethod:
            self.lastMethod = request.method
            return "OK Thnx!"
        else:
            self.lastMethod = request.method
            code = int(request.args['code'][0])
            return self.redirectTo(self.url, request, code)


    def getChild(self, name, request):
        return self


    def redirectTo(self, url, request, code):
        request.setResponseCode(code)
        request.setHeader("location", url)
        return "OK Bye!"



class ForeverTakingResource(resource.Resource):
    """
    L{ForeverTakingResource} is a resource which never finishes responding
    to requests.
    """
    def __init__(self, write=False):
        resource.Resource.__init__(self)
        self._write = write

    def render(self, request):
        if self._write:
            request.write('some bytes')
        return server.NOT_DONE_YET


class CookieMirrorResource(resource.Resource):
    def render(self, request):
        l = []
        for k,v in request.received_cookies.items():
            l.append((k, v))
        l.sort()
        return repr(l)

class RawCookieMirrorResource(resource.Resource):
    def render(self, request):
        return repr(request.getHeader('cookie'))

class ErrorResource(resource.Resource):

    def render(self, request):
        request.setResponseCode(401)
        if request.args.get("showlength"):
            request.setHeader("content-length", "0")
        return ""

class NoLengthResource(resource.Resource):

    def render(self, request):
        return "nolength"



class HostHeaderResource(resource.Resource):
    """
    A testing resource which renders itself as the value of the host header
    from the request.
    """
    def render(self, request):
        return request.received_headers['host']



class PayloadResource(resource.Resource):
    """
    A testing resource which renders itself as the contents of the request body
    as long as the request body is 100 bytes long, otherwise which renders
    itself as C{"ERROR"}.
    """
    def render(self, request):
        data = request.content.read()
        contentLength = request.received_headers['content-length']
        if len(data) != 100 or int(contentLength) != 100:
            return "ERROR"
        return data


class DelayResource(resource.Resource):

    def __init__(self, seconds):
        self.seconds = seconds

    def render(self, request):
        def response():
            request.write('some bytes')
            request.finish()
        reactor.callLater(self.seconds, response)
        return server.NOT_DONE_YET


class BrokenDownloadResource(resource.Resource):

    def render(self, request):
        # only sends 3 bytes even though it claims to send 5
        request.setHeader("content-length", "5")
        request.write('abc')
        return ''

class CountingRedirect(util.Redirect):
    """
    A L{util.Redirect} resource that keeps track of the number of times the
    resource has been accessed.
    """
    def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
        util.Redirect.__init__(self, *a, **kw)
        self.count = 0

    def render(self, request):
        self.count += 1
        return util.Redirect.render(self, request)


class CountingResource(resource.Resource):
    """
    A resource that keeps track of the number of times it has been accessed.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        resource.Resource.__init__(self)
        self.count = 0

    def render(self, request):
        self.count += 1
        return "Success"


class ParseUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test URL parsing facility and defaults values.
    """

    def test_parse(self):
        """
        L{client._parse} correctly parses a URL into its various components.
        """
        # The default port for HTTP is 80.
        self.assertEqual(
            client._parse('http://127.0.0.1/'),
            ('http', '127.0.0.1', 80, '/'))

        # The default port for HTTPS is 443.
        self.assertEqual(
            client._parse('https://127.0.0.1/'),
            ('https', '127.0.0.1', 443, '/'))

        # Specifying a port.
        self.assertEqual(
            client._parse('http://spam:12345/'),
            ('http', 'spam', 12345, '/'))

        # Weird (but commonly accepted) structure uses default port.
        self.assertEqual(
            client._parse('http://spam:/'),
            ('http', 'spam', 80, '/'))

        # Spaces in the hostname are trimmed, the default path is /.
        self.assertEqual(
            client._parse('http://foo '),
            ('http', 'foo', 80, '/'))


    def test_externalUnicodeInterference(self):
        """
        L{client._parse} should return C{str} for the scheme, host, and path
        elements of its return tuple, even when passed an URL which has
        previously been passed to L{urlparse} as a C{unicode} string.
        """
        badInput = u'http://example.com/path'
        goodInput = badInput.encode('ascii')
        urlparse(badInput)
        scheme, host, port, path = client._parse(goodInput)
        self.assertIsInstance(scheme, str)
        self.assertIsInstance(host, str)
        self.assertIsInstance(path, str)



class HTTPPageGetterTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{HTTPPagerGetter}, the HTTP client protocol implementation
    used to implement L{getPage}.
    """
    def test_earlyHeaders(self):
        """
        When a connection is made, L{HTTPPagerGetter} sends the headers from
        its factory's C{headers} dict.  If I{Host} or I{Content-Length} is
        present in this dict, the values are not sent, since they are sent with
        special values before the C{headers} dict is processed.  If
        I{User-Agent} is present in the dict, it overrides the value of the
        C{agent} attribute of the factory.  If I{Cookie} is present in the
        dict, its value is added to the values from the factory's C{cookies}
        attribute.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory(
            'http://foo/bar',
            agent="foobar",
            cookies={'baz': 'quux'},
            postdata="some data",
            headers={
                'Host': 'example.net',
                'User-Agent': 'fooble',
                'Cookie': 'blah blah',
                'Content-Length': '12981',
                'Useful': 'value'})
        transport = StringTransport()
        protocol = client.HTTPPageGetter()
        protocol.factory = factory
        protocol.makeConnection(transport)
        self.assertEqual(
            transport.value(),
            "GET /bar HTTP/1.0\r\n"
            "Host: example.net\r\n"
            "User-Agent: foobar\r\n"
            "Content-Length: 9\r\n"
            "Useful: value\r\n"
            "connection: close\r\n"
            "Cookie: blah blah; baz=quux\r\n"
            "\r\n"
            "some data")


class GetBodyProtocol(Protocol):

    def __init__(self, deferred):
        self.deferred = deferred
        self.buf = ''

    def dataReceived(self, bytes):
        self.buf += bytes

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        self.deferred.callback(self.buf)


def getBody(response):
    d = defer.Deferred()
    response.deliverBody(GetBodyProtocol(d))
    return d


class WebClientTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def _listen(self, site):
        return reactor.listenTCP(0, site, interface="127.0.0.1")

    def setUp(self):
        self.agent = None # for twisted.web.client.Agent test
        self.cleanupServerConnections = 0
        name = self.mktemp()
        os.mkdir(name)
        FilePath(name).child("file").setContent("0123456789")
        r = static.File(name)
        r.putChild("redirect", util.Redirect("/file"))
        self.infiniteRedirectResource = CountingRedirect("/infiniteRedirect")
        r.putChild("infiniteRedirect", self.infiniteRedirectResource)
        r.putChild("wait", ForeverTakingResource())
        r.putChild("write-then-wait", ForeverTakingResource(write=True))
        r.putChild("error", ErrorResource())
        r.putChild("nolength", NoLengthResource())
        r.putChild("host", HostHeaderResource())
        r.putChild("payload", PayloadResource())
        r.putChild("broken", BrokenDownloadResource())
        r.putChild("cookiemirror", CookieMirrorResource())
        r.putChild('delay1', DelayResource(1))
        r.putChild('delay2', DelayResource(2))

        self.afterFoundGetCounter = CountingResource()
        r.putChild("afterFoundGetCounter", self.afterFoundGetCounter)
        r.putChild("afterFoundGetRedirect", util.Redirect("/afterFoundGetCounter"))

        miscasedHead = static.Data("miscased-head GET response content", "major/minor")
        miscasedHead.render_Head = lambda request: "miscased-head content"
        r.putChild("miscased-head", miscasedHead)

        self.extendedRedirect = ExtendedRedirect('/extendedRedirect')
        r.putChild("extendedRedirect", self.extendedRedirect)
        self.site = server.Site(r, timeout=None)
        self.wrapper = WrappingFactory(self.site)
        self.port = self._listen(self.wrapper)
        self.portno = self.port.getHost().port

    def tearDown(self):
        if self.agent:
            # clean up connections for twisted.web.client.Agent test.
            self.agent.closeCachedConnections()
            self.agent = None

        # If the test indicated it might leave some server-side connections
        # around, clean them up.
        connections = self.wrapper.protocols.keys()
        # If there are fewer server-side connections than requested,
        # that's okay.  Some might have noticed that the client closed
        # the connection and cleaned up after themselves.
        for n in range(min(len(connections), self.cleanupServerConnections)):
            proto = connections.pop()
            msg("Closing %r" % (proto,))
            proto.transport.loseConnection()
        if connections:
            msg("Some left-over connections; this test is probably buggy.")
        return self.port.stopListening()

    def getURL(self, path):
        host = "http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % self.portno
        return urljoin(host, path)

    def testPayload(self):
        s = "0123456789" * 10
        return client.getPage(self.getURL("payload"), postdata=s
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, s
            )


    def test_getPageBrokenDownload(self):
        """
        If the connection is closed before the number of bytes indicated by
        I{Content-Length} have been received, the L{Deferred} returned by
        L{getPage} fails with L{PartialDownloadError}.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("broken"))
        d = self.assertFailure(d, client.PartialDownloadError)
        d.addCallback(lambda exc: self.assertEqual(exc.response, "abc"))
        return d


    def test_downloadPageBrokenDownload(self):
        """
        If the connection is closed before the number of bytes indicated by
        I{Content-Length} have been received, the L{Deferred} returned by
        L{downloadPage} fails with L{PartialDownloadError}.
        """
        # test what happens when download gets disconnected in the middle
        path = FilePath(self.mktemp())
        d = client.downloadPage(self.getURL("broken"), path.path)
        d = self.assertFailure(d, client.PartialDownloadError)

        def checkResponse(response):
            """
            The HTTP status code from the server is propagated through the
            C{PartialDownloadError}.
            """
            self.assertEqual(response.status, "200")
            self.assertEqual(response.message, "OK")
            return response
        d.addCallback(checkResponse)

        def cbFailed(ignored):
            self.assertEqual(path.getContent(), "abc")
        d.addCallback(cbFailed)
        return d


    def test_downloadPageLogsFileCloseError(self):
        """
        If there is an exception closing the file being written to after the
        connection is prematurely closed, that exception is logged.
        """
        class BrokenFile:
            def write(self, bytes):
                pass

            def close(self):
                raise IOError(ENOSPC, "No file left on device")

        d = client.downloadPage(self.getURL("broken"), BrokenFile())
        d = self.assertFailure(d, client.PartialDownloadError)
        def cbFailed(ignored):
            self.assertEqual(len(self.flushLoggedErrors(IOError)), 1)
        d.addCallback(cbFailed)
        return d


    def testHostHeader(self):
        # if we pass Host header explicitly, it should be used, otherwise
        # it should extract from url
        return defer.gatherResults([
            client.getPage(self.getURL("host")).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "127.0.0.1:%s" % (self.portno,)),
            client.getPage(self.getURL("host"), headers={"Host": "www.example.com"}).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "www.example.com")])


    def test_getPage(self):
        """
        L{client.getPage} returns a L{Deferred} which is called back with
        the body of the response if the default method B{GET} is used.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("file"))
        d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, "0123456789")
        return d


    def test_getPageHEAD(self):
        """
        L{client.getPage} returns a L{Deferred} which is called back with
        the empty string if the method is I{HEAD} and there is a successful
        response code.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("file"), method="HEAD")
        d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, "")
        return d


    def test_getPageNotQuiteHEAD(self):
        """
        If the request method is a different casing of I{HEAD} (ie, not all
        capitalized) then it is not a I{HEAD} request and the response body
        is returned.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("miscased-head"), method='Head')
        d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, "miscased-head content")
        return d


    def test_timeoutNotTriggering(self):
        """
        When a non-zero timeout is passed to L{getPage} and the page is
        retrieved before the timeout period elapses, the L{Deferred} is
        called back with the contents of the page.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("host"), timeout=100)
        d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, "127.0.0.1:%s" % (self.portno,))
        return d


    def test_timeoutTriggering(self):
        """
        When a non-zero timeout is passed to L{getPage} and that many
        seconds elapse before the server responds to the request. the
        L{Deferred} is errbacked with a L{error.TimeoutError}.
        """
        # This will probably leave some connections around.
        self.cleanupServerConnections = 1
        return self.assertFailure(
            client.getPage(self.getURL("wait"), timeout=0.000001),
            defer.TimeoutError)


    def testDownloadPage(self):
        downloads = []
        downloadData = [("file", self.mktemp(), "0123456789"),
                        ("nolength", self.mktemp(), "nolength")]

        for (url, name, data) in downloadData:
            d = client.downloadPage(self.getURL(url), name)
            d.addCallback(self._cbDownloadPageTest, data, name)
            downloads.append(d)
        return defer.gatherResults(downloads)

    def _cbDownloadPageTest(self, ignored, data, name):
        bytes = file(name, "rb").read()
        self.assertEqual(bytes, data)

    def testDownloadPageError1(self):
        class errorfile:
            def write(self, data):
                raise IOError, "badness happened during write"
            def close(self):
                pass
        ef = errorfile()
        return self.assertFailure(
            client.downloadPage(self.getURL("file"), ef),
            IOError)

    def testDownloadPageError2(self):
        class errorfile:
            def write(self, data):
                pass
            def close(self):
                raise IOError, "badness happened during close"
        ef = errorfile()
        return self.assertFailure(
            client.downloadPage(self.getURL("file"), ef),
            IOError)

    def testDownloadPageError3(self):
        # make sure failures in open() are caught too. This is tricky.
        # Might only work on posix.
        tmpfile = open("unwritable", "wb")
        tmpfile.close()
        os.chmod("unwritable", 0) # make it unwritable (to us)
        d = self.assertFailure(
            client.downloadPage(self.getURL("file"), "unwritable"),
            IOError)
        d.addBoth(self._cleanupDownloadPageError3)
        return d

    def _cleanupDownloadPageError3(self, ignored):
        os.chmod("unwritable", 0700)
        os.unlink("unwritable")
        return ignored

    def _downloadTest(self, method):
        dl = []
        for (url, code) in [("nosuchfile", "404"), ("error", "401"),
                            ("error?showlength=1", "401")]:
            d = method(url)
            d = self.assertFailure(d, error.Error)
            d.addCallback(lambda exc, code=code: self.assertEqual(exc.args[0], code))
            dl.append(d)
        return defer.DeferredList(dl, fireOnOneErrback=True)

    def testServerError(self):
        return self._downloadTest(lambda url: client.getPage(self.getURL(url)))

    def testDownloadServerError(self):
        return self._downloadTest(lambda url: client.downloadPage(self.getURL(url), url.split('?')[0]))

    def testFactoryInfo(self):
        url = self.getURL('file')
        scheme, host, port, path = client._parse(url)
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory(url)
        reactor.connectTCP(host, port, factory)
        return factory.deferred.addCallback(self._cbFactoryInfo, factory)

    def _cbFactoryInfo(self, ignoredResult, factory):
        self.assertEqual(factory.status, '200')
        self.assert_(factory.version.startswith('HTTP/'))
        self.assertEqual(factory.message, 'OK')
        self.assertEqual(factory.response_headers['content-length'][0], '10')


    def test_followRedirect(self):
        """
        By default, L{client.getPage} follows redirects and returns the content
        of the target resource.
        """
        d = client.getPage(self.getURL("redirect"))
        d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, "0123456789")
        return d


    def test_noFollowRedirect(self):
        """
        If C{followRedirect} is passed a false value, L{client.getPage} does not
        follow redirects and returns a L{Deferred} which fails with
        L{error.PageRedirect} when it encounters one.
        """
        d = self.assertFailure(
            client.getPage(self.getURL("redirect"), followRedirect=False),
            error.PageRedirect)
        d.addCallback(self._cbCheckLocation)
        return d


    def _cbCheckLocation(self, exc):
        self.assertEqual(exc.location, "/file")


    def test_infiniteRedirection(self):
        """
        When more than C{redirectLimit} HTTP redirects are encountered, the
        page request fails with L{InfiniteRedirection}.
        """
        def checkRedirectCount(*a):
            self.assertEqual(f._redirectCount, 13)
            self.assertEqual(self.infiniteRedirectResource.count, 13)

        f = client._makeGetterFactory(
            self.getURL('infiniteRedirect'),
            client.HTTPClientFactory,
            redirectLimit=13)
        d = self.assertFailure(f.deferred, error.InfiniteRedirection)
        d.addCallback(checkRedirectCount)
        return d


    def test_isolatedFollowRedirect(self):
        """
        C{client.HTTPPagerGetter} instances each obey the C{followRedirect}
        value passed to the L{client.getPage} call which created them.
        """
        d1 = client.getPage(self.getURL('redirect'), followRedirect=True)
        d2 = client.getPage(self.getURL('redirect'), followRedirect=False)

        d = self.assertFailure(d2, error.PageRedirect
            ).addCallback(lambda dummy: d1)
        return d


    def test_afterFoundGet(self):
        """
        Enabling unsafe redirection behaviour overwrites the method of
        redirected C{POST} requests with C{GET}.
        """
        url = self.getURL('extendedRedirect?code=302')
        f = client.HTTPClientFactory(url, followRedirect=True, method="POST")
        self.assertFalse(
            f.afterFoundGet,
            "By default, afterFoundGet must be disabled")

        def gotPage(page):
            self.assertEqual(
                self.extendedRedirect.lastMethod,
                "GET",
                "With afterFoundGet, the HTTP method must change to GET")

        d = client.getPage(
            url, followRedirect=True, afterFoundGet=True, method="POST")
        d.addCallback(gotPage)
        return d


    def test_downloadAfterFoundGet(self):
        """
        Passing C{True} for C{afterFoundGet} to L{client.downloadPage} invokes
        the same kind of redirect handling as passing that argument to
        L{client.getPage} invokes.
        """
        url = self.getURL('extendedRedirect?code=302')

        def gotPage(page):
            self.assertEqual(
                self.extendedRedirect.lastMethod,
                "GET",
                "With afterFoundGet, the HTTP method must change to GET")

        d = client.downloadPage(url, "downloadTemp",
            followRedirect=True, afterFoundGet=True, method="POST")
        d.addCallback(gotPage)
        return d


    def test_afterFoundGetMakesOneRequest(self):
        """
        When C{afterFoundGet} is C{True}, L{client.getPage} only issues one
        request to the server when following the redirect.  This is a regression
        test, see #4760.
        """
        def checkRedirectCount(*a):
            self.assertEqual(self.afterFoundGetCounter.count, 1)

        url = self.getURL('afterFoundGetRedirect')
        d = client.getPage(
            url, followRedirect=True, afterFoundGet=True, method="POST")
        d.addCallback(checkRedirectCount)
        return d


    def testPartial(self):
        name = self.mktemp()
        f = open(name, "wb")
        f.write("abcd")
        f.close()

        partialDownload = [(True, "abcd456789"),
                           (True, "abcd456789"),
                           (False, "0123456789")]

        d = defer.succeed(None)
        for (partial, expectedData) in partialDownload:
            d.addCallback(self._cbRunPartial, name, partial)
            d.addCallback(self._cbPartialTest, expectedData, name)

        return d

    testPartial.skip = "Cannot test until webserver can serve partial data properly"

    def _cbRunPartial(self, ignored, name, partial):
        return client.downloadPage(self.getURL("file"), name, supportPartial=partial)

    def _cbPartialTest(self, ignored, expectedData, filename):
        bytes = file(filename, "rb").read()
        self.assertEqual(bytes, expectedData)


    def test_downloadTimeout(self):
        """
        If the timeout indicated by the C{timeout} parameter to
        L{client.HTTPDownloader.__init__} elapses without the complete response
        being received, the L{defer.Deferred} returned by
        L{client.downloadPage} fires with a L{Failure} wrapping a
        L{defer.TimeoutError}.
        """
        self.cleanupServerConnections = 2
        # Verify the behavior if no bytes are ever written.
        first = client.downloadPage(
            self.getURL("wait"),
            self.mktemp(), timeout=0.01)

        # Verify the behavior if some bytes are written but then the request
        # never completes.
        second = client.downloadPage(
            self.getURL("write-then-wait"),
            self.mktemp(), timeout=0.01)

        return defer.gatherResults([
            self.assertFailure(first, defer.TimeoutError),
            self.assertFailure(second, defer.TimeoutError)])


    def test_downloadHeaders(self):
        """
        After L{client.HTTPDownloader.deferred} fires, the
        L{client.HTTPDownloader} instance's C{status} and C{response_headers}
        attributes are populated with the values from the response.
        """
        def checkHeaders(factory):
            self.assertEqual(factory.status, '200')
            self.assertEqual(factory.response_headers['content-type'][0], 'text/html')
            self.assertEqual(factory.response_headers['content-length'][0], '10')
            os.unlink(factory.fileName)
        factory = client._makeGetterFactory(
            self.getURL('file'),
            client.HTTPDownloader,
            fileOrName=self.mktemp())
        return factory.deferred.addCallback(lambda _: checkHeaders(factory))


    def test_downloadCookies(self):
        """
        The C{cookies} dict passed to the L{client.HTTPDownloader}
        initializer is used to populate the I{Cookie} header included in the
        request sent to the server.
        """
        output = self.mktemp()
        factory = client._makeGetterFactory(
            self.getURL('cookiemirror'),
            client.HTTPDownloader,
            fileOrName=output,
            cookies={'foo': 'bar'})
        def cbFinished(ignored):
            self.assertEqual(
                FilePath(output).getContent(),
                "[('foo', 'bar')]")
        factory.deferred.addCallback(cbFinished)
        return factory.deferred


    def test_downloadRedirectLimit(self):
        """
        When more than C{redirectLimit} HTTP redirects are encountered, the
        page request fails with L{InfiniteRedirection}.
        """
        def checkRedirectCount(*a):
            self.assertEqual(f._redirectCount, 7)
            self.assertEqual(self.infiniteRedirectResource.count, 7)

        f = client._makeGetterFactory(
            self.getURL('infiniteRedirect'),
            client.HTTPDownloader,
            fileOrName=self.mktemp(),
            redirectLimit=7)
        d = self.assertFailure(f.deferred, error.InfiniteRedirection)
        d.addCallback(checkRedirectCount)
        return d



class WebClientSSLTestCase(WebClientTestCase):
    def _listen(self, site):
        from twisted import test
        return reactor.listenSSL(0, site,
                                 contextFactory=ssl.DefaultOpenSSLContextFactory(
            FilePath(test.__file__).sibling('server.pem').path,
            FilePath(test.__file__).sibling('server.pem').path,
            ),
                                 interface="127.0.0.1")

    def getURL(self, path):
        return "https://127.0.0.1:%d/%s" % (self.portno, path)

    def testFactoryInfo(self):
        url = self.getURL('file')
        scheme, host, port, path = client._parse(url)
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory(url)
        reactor.connectSSL(host, port, factory, ssl.ClientContextFactory())
        # The base class defines _cbFactoryInfo correctly for this
        return factory.deferred.addCallback(self._cbFactoryInfo, factory)



class WebClientRedirectBetweenSSLandPlainText(unittest.TestCase):
    def getHTTPS(self, path):
        return "https://127.0.0.1:%d/%s" % (self.tlsPortno, path)

    def getHTTP(self, path):
        return "http://127.0.0.1:%d/%s" % (self.plainPortno, path)

    def setUp(self):
        plainRoot = static.Data('not me', 'text/plain')
        tlsRoot = static.Data('me neither', 'text/plain')

        plainSite = server.Site(plainRoot, timeout=None)
        tlsSite = server.Site(tlsRoot, timeout=None)

        from twisted import test
        self.tlsPort = reactor.listenSSL(0, tlsSite,
                                         contextFactory=ssl.DefaultOpenSSLContextFactory(
            FilePath(test.__file__).sibling('server.pem').path,
            FilePath(test.__file__).sibling('server.pem').path,
            ),
                                         interface="127.0.0.1")
        self.plainPort = reactor.listenTCP(0, plainSite, interface="127.0.0.1")

        self.plainPortno = self.plainPort.getHost().port
        self.tlsPortno = self.tlsPort.getHost().port

        plainRoot.putChild('one', util.Redirect(self.getHTTPS('two')))
        tlsRoot.putChild('two', util.Redirect(self.getHTTP('three')))
        plainRoot.putChild('three', util.Redirect(self.getHTTPS('four')))
        tlsRoot.putChild('four', static.Data('FOUND IT!', 'text/plain'))

    def tearDown(self):
        ds = map(defer.maybeDeferred,
                 [self.plainPort.stopListening, self.tlsPort.stopListening])
        return defer.gatherResults(ds)

    def testHoppingAround(self):
        return client.getPage(self.getHTTP("one")
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "FOUND IT!"
            )

class FakeTransport:
    disconnecting = False
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = []
    def write(self, stuff):
        self.data.append(stuff)

class CookieTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def _listen(self, site):
        return reactor.listenTCP(0, site, interface="127.0.0.1")

    def setUp(self):
        root = static.Data('El toro!', 'text/plain')
        root.putChild("cookiemirror", CookieMirrorResource())
        root.putChild("rawcookiemirror", RawCookieMirrorResource())
        site = server.Site(root, timeout=None)
        self.port = self._listen(site)
        self.portno = self.port.getHost().port

    def tearDown(self):
        return self.port.stopListening()

    def getHTTP(self, path):
        return "http://127.0.0.1:%d/%s" % (self.portno, path)

    def testNoCookies(self):
        return client.getPage(self.getHTTP("cookiemirror")
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "[]"
            )

    def testSomeCookies(self):
        cookies = {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'quux'}
        return client.getPage(self.getHTTP("cookiemirror"), cookies=cookies
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "[('baz', 'quux'), ('foo', 'bar')]"
            )

    def testRawNoCookies(self):
        return client.getPage(self.getHTTP("rawcookiemirror")
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "None"
            )

    def testRawSomeCookies(self):
        cookies = {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'quux'}
        return client.getPage(self.getHTTP("rawcookiemirror"), cookies=cookies
            ).addCallback(self.assertEqual, "'foo=bar; baz=quux'"
            )

    def testCookieHeaderParsing(self):
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('http://foo.example.com/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.transport = FakeTransport()
        proto.connectionMade()
        for line in [
            '200 Ok',
            'Squash: yes',
            'Hands: stolen',
            'Set-Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; path=/; expires=Wednesday, 09-Nov-99 23:12:40 GMT',
            'Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; path=/',
            'Set-Cookie: SHIPPING=FEDEX; path=/foo',
            '',
            'body',
            'more body',
            ]:
            proto.dataReceived(line + '\r\n')
        self.assertEqual(proto.transport.data,
                          ['GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n',
                           'Host: foo.example.com\r\n',
                           'User-Agent: Twisted PageGetter\r\n',
                           '\r\n'])
        self.assertEqual(factory.cookies,
                          {
            'CUSTOMER': 'WILE_E_COYOTE',
            'PART_NUMBER': 'ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001',
            'SHIPPING': 'FEDEX',
            })



class TestHostHeader(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test that L{HTTPClientFactory} includes the port in the host header
    if needed.
    """

    def _getHost(self, bytes):
        """
        Retrieve the value of the I{Host} header from the serialized
        request given by C{bytes}.
        """
        for line in bytes.splitlines():
            try:
                name, value = line.split(':', 1)
                if name.strip().lower() == 'host':
                    return value.strip()
            except ValueError:
                pass


    def test_HTTPDefaultPort(self):
        """
        No port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        default HTTP port.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('http://foo.example.com/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com')


    def test_HTTPPort80(self):
        """
        No port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        default HTTP port even if it is in the URL.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('http://foo.example.com:80/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com')


    def test_HTTPNotPort80(self):
        """
        The port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        a non default HTTP port.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('http://foo.example.com:8080/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com:8080')


    def test_HTTPSDefaultPort(self):
        """
        No port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        default HTTPS port.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('https://foo.example.com/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com')


    def test_HTTPSPort443(self):
        """
        No port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        default HTTPS port even if it is in the URL.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('https://foo.example.com:443/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com')


    def test_HTTPSNotPort443(self):
        """
        The port should be included in the host header when connecting to the
        a non default HTTPS port.
        """
        factory = client.HTTPClientFactory('http://foo.example.com:8080/')
        proto = factory.buildProtocol('127.42.42.42')
        proto.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.assertEqual(self._getHost(proto.transport.value()),
                          'foo.example.com:8080')



class StubHTTPProtocol(Protocol):
    """
    A protocol like L{HTTP11ClientProtocol} but which does not actually know
    HTTP/1.1 and only collects requests in a list.

    @ivar requests: A C{list} of two-tuples.  Each time a request is made, a
        tuple consisting of the request and the L{Deferred} returned from the
        request method is appended to this list.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.requests = []
        self.state = 'QUIESCENT'


    def request(self, request):
        """
        Capture the given request for later inspection.

        @return: A L{Deferred} which this code will never fire.
        """
        result = Deferred()
        self.requests.append((request, result))
        return result



class FileConsumer(object):
    def __init__(self, outputFile):
        self.outputFile = outputFile


    def write(self, bytes):
        self.outputFile.write(bytes)



class FileBodyProducerTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Tests for the L{FileBodyProducer} which reads bytes from a file and writes
    them to an L{IConsumer}.
    """
    _NO_RESULT = object()

    def _resultNow(self, deferred):
        """
        Return the current result of C{deferred} if it is not a failure.  If it
        has no result, return C{self._NO_RESULT}.  If it is a failure, raise an
        exception.
        """
        result = []
        failure = []
        deferred.addCallbacks(result.append, failure.append)
        if len(result) == 1:
            return result[0]
        elif len(failure) == 1:
            raise Exception(
                "Deferred had failure instead of success: %r" % (failure[0],))
        return self._NO_RESULT


    def _failureNow(self, deferred):
        """
        Return the current result of C{deferred} if it is a failure.  If it has
        no result, return C{self._NO_RESULT}.  If it is not a failure, raise an
        exception.
        """
        result = []
        failure = []
        deferred.addCallbacks(result.append, failure.append)
        if len(result) == 1:
            raise Exception(
                "Deferred had success instead of failure: %r" % (result[0],))
        elif len(failure) == 1:
            return failure[0]
        return self._NO_RESULT


    def _termination(self):
        """
        This method can be used as the C{terminationPredicateFactory} for a
        L{Cooperator}.  It returns a predicate which immediately returns
        C{False}, indicating that no more work should be done this iteration.
        This has the result of only allowing one iteration of a cooperative
        task to be run per L{Cooperator} iteration.
        """
        return lambda: True


    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create a L{Cooperator} hooked up to an easily controlled, deterministic
        scheduler to use with L{FileBodyProducer}.
        """
        self._scheduled = []
        self.cooperator = task.Cooperator(
            self._termination, self._scheduled.append)


    def test_interface(self):
        """
        L{FileBodyProducer} instances provide L{IBodyProducer}.
        """
        self.assertTrue(verifyObject(
                IBodyProducer, FileBodyProducer(StringIO(""))))


    def test_unknownLength(self):
        """
        If the L{FileBodyProducer} is constructed with a file-like object
        without either a C{seek} or C{tell} method, its C{length} attribute is
        set to C{UNKNOWN_LENGTH}.
        """
        class HasSeek(object):
            def seek(self, offset, whence):
                pass

        class HasTell(object):
            def tell(self):
                pass

        producer = FileBodyProducer(HasSeek())
        self.assertEqual(UNKNOWN_LENGTH, producer.length)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(HasTell())
        self.assertEqual(UNKNOWN_LENGTH, producer.length)


    def test_knownLength(self):
        """
        If the L{FileBodyProducer} is constructed with a file-like object with
        both C{seek} and C{tell} methods, its C{length} attribute is set to the
        size of the file as determined by those methods.
        """
        inputBytes = "here are some bytes"
        inputFile = StringIO(inputBytes)
        inputFile.seek(5)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(inputFile)
        self.assertEqual(len(inputBytes) - 5, producer.length)
        self.assertEqual(inputFile.tell(), 5)


    def test_defaultCooperator(self):
        """
        If no L{Cooperator} instance is passed to L{FileBodyProducer}, the
        global cooperator is used.
        """
        producer = FileBodyProducer(StringIO(""))
        self.assertEqual(task.cooperate, producer._cooperate)


    def test_startProducing(self):
        """
        L{FileBodyProducer.startProducing} starts writing bytes from the input
        file to the given L{IConsumer} and returns a L{Deferred} which fires
        when they have all been written.
        """
        expectedResult = "hello, world"
        readSize = 3
        output = StringIO()
        consumer = FileConsumer(output)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(
            StringIO(expectedResult), self.cooperator, readSize)
        complete = producer.startProducing(consumer)
        for i in range(len(expectedResult) // readSize + 1):
            self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertEqual([], self._scheduled)
        self.assertEqual(expectedResult, output.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(None, self._resultNow(complete))


    def test_inputClosedAtEOF(self):
        """
        When L{FileBodyProducer} reaches end-of-file on the input file given to
        it, the input file is closed.
        """
        readSize = 4
        inputBytes = "some friendly bytes"
        inputFile = StringIO(inputBytes)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(inputFile, self.cooperator, readSize)
        consumer = FileConsumer(StringIO())
        producer.startProducing(consumer)
        for i in range(len(inputBytes) // readSize + 2):
            self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertTrue(inputFile.closed)


    def test_failedReadWhileProducing(self):
        """
        If a read from the input file fails while producing bytes to the
        consumer, the L{Deferred} returned by
        L{FileBodyProducer.startProducing} fires with a L{Failure} wrapping
        that exception.
        """
        class BrokenFile(object):
            def read(self, count):
                raise IOError("Simulated bad thing")
        producer = FileBodyProducer(BrokenFile(), self.cooperator)
        complete = producer.startProducing(FileConsumer(StringIO()))
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self._failureNow(complete).trap(IOError)


    def test_stopProducing(self):
        """
        L{FileBodyProducer.stopProducing} stops the underlying L{IPullProducer}
        and the cooperative task responsible for calling C{resumeProducing} and
        closes the input file but does not cause the L{Deferred} returned by
        C{startProducing} to fire.
        """
        expectedResult = "hello, world"
        readSize = 3
        output = StringIO()
        consumer = FileConsumer(output)
        inputFile = StringIO(expectedResult)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(
            inputFile, self.cooperator, readSize)
        complete = producer.startProducing(consumer)
        producer.stopProducing()
        self.assertTrue(inputFile.closed)
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertEqual("", output.getvalue())
        self.assertIdentical(self._NO_RESULT, self._resultNow(complete))


    def test_pauseProducing(self):
        """
        L{FileBodyProducer.pauseProducing} temporarily suspends writing bytes
        from the input file to the given L{IConsumer}.
        """
        expectedResult = "hello, world"
        readSize = 5
        output = StringIO()
        consumer = FileConsumer(output)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(
            StringIO(expectedResult), self.cooperator, readSize)
        complete = producer.startProducing(consumer)
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertEqual(output.getvalue(), expectedResult[:5])
        producer.pauseProducing()

        # Sort of depends on an implementation detail of Cooperator: even
        # though the only task is paused, there's still a scheduled call.  If
        # this were to go away because Cooperator became smart enough to cancel
        # this call in this case, that would be fine.
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()

        # Since the producer is paused, no new data should be here.
        self.assertEqual(output.getvalue(), expectedResult[:5])
        self.assertEqual([], self._scheduled)
        self.assertIdentical(self._NO_RESULT, self._resultNow(complete))


    def test_resumeProducing(self):
        """
        L{FileBodyProducer.resumeProducing} re-commences writing bytes from the
        input file to the given L{IConsumer} after it was previously paused
        with L{FileBodyProducer.pauseProducing}.
        """
        expectedResult = "hello, world"
        readSize = 5
        output = StringIO()
        consumer = FileConsumer(output)
        producer = FileBodyProducer(
            StringIO(expectedResult), self.cooperator, readSize)
        producer.startProducing(consumer)
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertEqual(expectedResult[:readSize], output.getvalue())
        producer.pauseProducing()
        producer.resumeProducing()
        self._scheduled.pop(0)()
        self.assertEqual(expectedResult[:readSize * 2], output.getvalue())



class FakeReactorAndConnectMixin:
    """
    A test mixin providing a testable C{Reactor} class and a dummy C{connect}
    method which allows instances to pretend to be endpoints.
    """

    class Reactor(MemoryReactor, Clock):
        def __init__(self):
            MemoryReactor.__init__(self)
            Clock.__init__(self)


    class StubEndpoint(object):
        """
        Endpoint that wraps existing endpoint, substitutes StubHTTPProtocol, and
        resulting protocol instances are attached to the given test case.
        """

        def __init__(self, endpoint, testCase):
            self.endpoint = endpoint
            self.testCase = testCase
            self.factory = _HTTP11ClientFactory(lambda p: None)
            self.protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
            self.factory.buildProtocol = lambda addr: self.protocol

        def connect(self, ignoredFactory):
            self.testCase.protocol = self.protocol
            self.endpoint.connect(self.factory)
            return succeed(self.protocol)


    def buildAgentForWrapperTest(self, reactor):
        """
        Return an Agent suitable for use in tests that wrap the Agent and want
        both a fake reactor and StubHTTPProtocol.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(reactor)
        _oldGetEndpoint = agent._getEndpoint
        agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: (
            self.StubEndpoint(_oldGetEndpoint(*args), self))
        return agent


    def connect(self, factory):
        """
        Fake implementation of an endpoint which synchronously
        succeeds with an instance of L{StubHTTPProtocol} for ease of
        testing.
        """
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(None)
        self.protocol = protocol
        return succeed(protocol)



class DummyEndpoint(object):
    """
    An endpoint that uses a fake transport.
    """

    def connect(self, factory):
        protocol = factory.buildProtocol(None)
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        return succeed(protocol)



class BadEndpoint(object):
    """
    An endpoint that shouldn't be called.
    """

    def connect(self, factory):
        raise RuntimeError("This endpoint should not have been used.")


class DummyFactory(Factory):
    """
    Create C{StubHTTPProtocol} instances.
    """
    def __init__(self, quiescentCallback):
        pass

    protocol = StubHTTPProtocol



class HTTPConnectionPoolTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for the L{HTTPConnectionPool} class.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        self.fakeReactor = self.Reactor()
        self.pool = HTTPConnectionPool(self.fakeReactor)
        self.pool._factory = DummyFactory
        # The retry code path is tested in HTTPConnectionPoolRetryTests:
        self.pool.retryAutomatically = False


    def test_getReturnsNewIfCacheEmpty(self):
        """
        If there are no cached connections,
        L{HTTPConnectionPool.getConnection} returns a new connection.
        """
        self.assertEqual(self.pool._connections, {})

        def gotConnection(conn):
            self.assertIsInstance(conn, StubHTTPProtocol)
            # The new connection is not stored in the pool:
            self.assertNotIn(conn, self.pool._connections.values())

        unknownKey = 12245
        d = self.pool.getConnection(unknownKey, DummyEndpoint())
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)


    def test_putStartsTimeout(self):
        """
        If a connection is put back to the pool, a 240-sec timeout is started.

        When the timeout hits, the connection is closed and removed from the
        pool.
        """
        # We start out with one cached connection:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.pool._putConnection(("http", "example.com", 80), protocol)

        # Connection is in pool, still not closed:
        self.assertEqual(protocol.transport.disconnecting, False)
        self.assertIn(protocol,
                      self.pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)])

        # Advance 239 seconds, still not closed:
        self.fakeReactor.advance(239)
        self.assertEqual(protocol.transport.disconnecting, False)
        self.assertIn(protocol,
                      self.pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)])
        self.assertIn(protocol, self.pool._timeouts)

        # Advance past 240 seconds, connection will be closed:
        self.fakeReactor.advance(1.1)
        self.assertEqual(protocol.transport.disconnecting, True)
        self.assertNotIn(protocol,
                         self.pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)])
        self.assertNotIn(protocol, self.pool._timeouts)


    def test_putExceedsMaxPersistent(self):
        """
        If an idle connection is put back in the cache and the max number of
        persistent connections has been exceeded, one of the connections is
        closed and removed from the cache.
        """
        pool = self.pool

        # We start out with two cached connection, the max:
        origCached = [StubHTTPProtocol(), StubHTTPProtocol()]
        for p in origCached:
            p.makeConnection(StringTransport())
            pool._putConnection(("http", "example.com", 80), p)
        self.assertEqual(pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)],
                         origCached)
        timeouts = pool._timeouts.copy()

        # Now we add another one:
        newProtocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        newProtocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        pool._putConnection(("http", "example.com", 80), newProtocol)

        # The oldest cached connections will be removed and disconnected:
        newCached = pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)]
        self.assertEqual(len(newCached), 2)
        self.assertEqual(newCached, [origCached[1], newProtocol])
        self.assertEqual([p.transport.disconnecting for p in newCached],
                         [False, False])
        self.assertEqual(origCached[0].transport.disconnecting, True)
        self.assertTrue(timeouts[origCached[0]].cancelled)
        self.assertNotIn(origCached[0], pool._timeouts)


    def test_maxPersistentPerHost(self):
        """
        C{maxPersistentPerHost} is enforced per C{(scheme, host, port)}:
        different keys have different max connections.
        """
        def addProtocol(scheme, host, port):
            p = StubHTTPProtocol()
            p.makeConnection(StringTransport())
            self.pool._putConnection((scheme, host, port), p)
            return p
        persistent = []
        persistent.append(addProtocol("http", "example.com", 80))
        persistent.append(addProtocol("http", "example.com", 80))
        addProtocol("https", "example.com", 443)
        addProtocol("http", "www2.example.com", 80)

        self.assertEqual(
            self.pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)], persistent)
        self.assertEqual(
            len(self.pool._connections[("https", "example.com", 443)]), 1)
        self.assertEqual(
            len(self.pool._connections[("http", "www2.example.com", 80)]), 1)


    def test_getCachedConnection(self):
        """
        Getting an address which has a cached connection returns the cached
        connection, removes it from the cache and cancels its timeout.
        """
        # We start out with one cached connection:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        self.pool._putConnection(("http", "example.com", 80), protocol)

        def gotConnection(conn):
            # We got the cached connection:
            self.assertIdentical(protocol, conn)
            self.assertNotIn(
                conn, self.pool._connections[("http", "example.com", 80)])
            # And the timeout was cancelled:
            self.fakeReactor.advance(241)
            self.assertEqual(conn.transport.disconnecting, False)
            self.assertNotIn(conn, self.pool._timeouts)

        return self.pool.getConnection(("http", "example.com", 80),
                                       BadEndpoint(),
                                       ).addCallback(gotConnection)


    def test_newConnection(self):
        """
        The pool's C{_newConnection} method constructs a new connection.
        """
        # We start out with one cached connection:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        key = 12245
        self.pool._putConnection(key, protocol)

        def gotConnection(newConnection):
            # We got a new connection:
            self.assertNotIdentical(protocol, newConnection)
            # And the old connection is still there:
            self.assertIn(protocol, self.pool._connections[key])
            # While the new connection is not:
            self.assertNotIn(newConnection, self.pool._connections.values())

        d = self.pool._newConnection(key, DummyEndpoint())
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)


    def test_getSkipsDisconnected(self):
        """
        When getting connections out of the cache, disconnected connections
        are removed and not returned.
        """
        pool = self.pool
        key = ("http", "example.com", 80)

        # We start out with two cached connection, the max:
        origCached = [StubHTTPProtocol(), StubHTTPProtocol()]
        for p in origCached:
            p.makeConnection(StringTransport())
            pool._putConnection(key, p)
        self.assertEqual(pool._connections[key], origCached)

        # We close the first one:
        origCached[0].state = "DISCONNECTED"

        # Now, when we retrive connections we should get the *second* one:
        result = []
        self.pool.getConnection(key,
                                BadEndpoint()).addCallback(result.append)
        self.assertIdentical(result[0], origCached[1])

        # And both the disconnected and removed connections should be out of
        # the cache:
        self.assertEqual(pool._connections[key], [])
        self.assertEqual(pool._timeouts, {})


    def test_putNotQuiescent(self):
        """
        If a non-quiescent connection is put back in the cache, an error is
        logged.
        """
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        # By default state is QUIESCENT
        self.assertEqual(protocol.state, "QUIESCENT")

        protocol.state = "NOTQUIESCENT"
        self.pool._putConnection(("http", "example.com", 80), protocol)
        error, = self.flushLoggedErrors(RuntimeError)
        self.assertEqual(
            error.value.args[0],
            "BUG: Non-quiescent protocol added to connection pool.")
        self.assertIdentical(None, self.pool._connections.get(
                ("http", "example.com", 80)))


    def test_getUsesQuiescentCallback(self):
        """
        When L{HTTPConnectionPool.getConnection} connects, it returns a
        C{Deferred} that fires with an instance of L{HTTP11ClientProtocol}
        that has the correct quiescent callback attached. When this callback
        is called the protocol is returned to the cache correctly, using the
        right key.
        """
        class StringEndpoint(object):
            def connect(self, factory):
                p = factory.buildProtocol(None)
                p.makeConnection(StringTransport())
                return succeed(p)

        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(self.fakeReactor, True)
        pool.retryAutomatically = False
        result = []
        key = "a key"
        pool.getConnection(
            key, StringEndpoint()).addCallback(
            result.append)
        protocol = result[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(protocol, HTTP11ClientProtocol)

        # Now that we have protocol instance, lets try to put it back in the
        # pool:
        protocol._state = "QUIESCENT"
        protocol._quiescentCallback(protocol)

        # If we try to retrive a connection to same destination again, we
        # should get the same protocol, because it should've been added back
        # to the pool:
        result2 = []
        pool.getConnection(
            key, StringEndpoint()).addCallback(
            result2.append)
        self.assertIdentical(result2[0], protocol)


    def test_closeCachedConnections(self):
        """
        L{HTTPConnectionPool.closeCachedConnections} closes all cached
        connections and removes them from the cache. It returns a Deferred
        that fires when they have all lost their connections.
        """
        persistent = []
        def addProtocol(scheme, host, port):
            p = HTTP11ClientProtocol()
            p.makeConnection(StringTransport())
            self.pool._putConnection((scheme, host, port), p)
            persistent.append(p)
        addProtocol("http", "example.com", 80)
        addProtocol("http", "www2.example.com", 80)
        doneDeferred = self.pool.closeCachedConnections()

        # Connections have begun disconnecting:
        for p in persistent:
            self.assertEqual(p.transport.disconnecting, True)
        self.assertEqual(self.pool._connections, {})
        # All timeouts were cancelled and removed:
        for dc in self.fakeReactor.getDelayedCalls():
            self.assertEqual(dc.cancelled, True)
        self.assertEqual(self.pool._timeouts, {})

        # Returned Deferred fires when all connections have been closed:
        result = []
        doneDeferred.addCallback(result.append)
        self.assertEqual(result, [])
        persistent[0].connectionLost(Failure(ConnectionDone()))
        self.assertEqual(result, [])
        persistent[1].connectionLost(Failure(ConnectionDone()))
        self.assertEqual(result, [None])



class AgentTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for the new HTTP client API provided by L{Agent}.
    """
    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create an L{Agent} wrapped around a fake reactor.
        """
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()
        self.agent = client.Agent(self.reactor)


    def completeConnection(self):
        """
        Do whitebox stuff to finish any outstanding connection attempts the
        agent may have initiated.

        This spins the fake reactor clock just enough to get L{ClientCreator},
        which agent is implemented in terms of, to fire its Deferreds.
        """
        self.reactor.advance(0)


    def test_defaultPool(self):
        """
        If no pool is passed in, the L{Agent} creates a non-persistent pool.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor)
        self.assertIsInstance(agent._pool, HTTPConnectionPool)
        self.assertEqual(agent._pool.persistent, False)
        self.assertIdentical(agent._reactor, agent._pool._reactor)


    def test_persistent(self):
        """
        If C{persistent} is set to C{True} on the L{HTTPConnectionPool} (the
        default), C{Request}s are created with their C{persistent} flag set to
        C{True}.
        """
        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(self.reactor)
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, pool=pool)
        agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self
        agent.request("GET", "http://127.0.0.1")
        self.assertEqual(self.protocol.requests[0][0].persistent, True)


    def test_nonPersistent(self):
        """
        If C{persistent} is set to C{False} when creating the
        L{HTTPConnectionPool}, C{Request}s are created with their
        C{persistent} flag set to C{False}.

        Elsewhere in the tests for the underlying HTTP code we ensure that
        this will result in the disconnection of the HTTP protocol once the
        request is done, so that the connection will not be returned to the
        pool.
        """
        pool = HTTPConnectionPool(self.reactor, persistent=False)
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, pool=pool)
        agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self
        agent.request("GET", "http://127.0.0.1")
        self.assertEqual(self.protocol.requests[0][0].persistent, False)


    def test_connectUsesConnectionPool(self):
        """
        When a connection is made by the Agent, it uses its pool's
        C{getConnection} method to do so, with the endpoint returned by
        C{self._getEndpoint}. The key used is C{(scheme, host, port)}.
        """
        endpoint = DummyEndpoint()
        class MyAgent(client.Agent):
            def _getEndpoint(this, scheme, host, port):
                self.assertEqual((scheme, host, port),
                                 ("http", "foo", 80))
                return endpoint

        class DummyPool(object):
            connected = False
            persistent = False
            def getConnection(this, key, ep):
                this.connected = True
                self.assertEqual(ep, endpoint)
                # This is the key the default Agent uses, others will have
                # different keys:
                self.assertEqual(key, ("http", "foo", 80))
                return defer.succeed(StubHTTPProtocol())

        pool = DummyPool()
        agent = MyAgent(self.reactor, pool=pool)
        self.assertIdentical(pool, agent._pool)

        headers = http_headers.Headers()
        headers.addRawHeader("host", "foo")
        bodyProducer = object()
        agent.request('GET', 'http://foo/',
                      bodyProducer=bodyProducer, headers=headers)
        self.assertEqual(agent._pool.connected, True)


    def test_unsupportedScheme(self):
        """
        L{Agent.request} returns a L{Deferred} which fails with
        L{SchemeNotSupported} if the scheme of the URI passed to it is not
        C{'http'}.
        """
        return self.assertFailure(
            self.agent.request('GET', 'mailto:alice@example.com'),
            SchemeNotSupported)


    def test_connectionFailed(self):
        """
        The L{Deferred} returned by L{Agent.request} fires with a L{Failure} if
        the TCP connection attempt fails.
        """
        result = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://foo/')
        # Cause the connection to be refused
        host, port, factory = self.reactor.tcpClients.pop()[:3]
        factory.clientConnectionFailed(None, Failure(ConnectionRefusedError()))
        self.completeConnection()
        return self.assertFailure(result, ConnectionRefusedError)


    def test_connectHTTP(self):
        """
        L{Agent._getEndpoint} return a C{TCP4ClientEndpoint} when passed a
        scheme of C{'http'}.
        """
        expectedHost = 'example.com'
        expectedPort = 1234
        endpoint = self.agent._getEndpoint('http', expectedHost, expectedPort)
        self.assertEqual(endpoint._host, expectedHost)
        self.assertEqual(endpoint._port, expectedPort)
        self.assertIsInstance(endpoint, TCP4ClientEndpoint)


    def test_connectHTTPS(self):
        """
        L{Agent._getEndpoint} return a C{SSL4ClientEndpoint} when passed a
        scheme of C{'https'}.
        """
        expectedHost = 'example.com'
        expectedPort = 4321
        endpoint = self.agent._getEndpoint('https', expectedHost, expectedPort)
        self.assertIsInstance(endpoint, SSL4ClientEndpoint)
        self.assertEqual(endpoint._host, expectedHost)
        self.assertEqual(endpoint._port, expectedPort)
        self.assertIsInstance(endpoint._sslContextFactory,
                              _WebToNormalContextFactory)
        # Default context factory was used:
        self.assertIsInstance(endpoint._sslContextFactory._webContext,
                              WebClientContextFactory)
    if ssl is None:
        test_connectHTTPS.skip = "OpenSSL not present"


    def test_connectHTTPSCustomContextFactory(self):
        """
        If a context factory is passed to L{Agent.__init__} it will be used to
        determine the SSL parameters for HTTPS requests.  When an HTTPS request
        is made, the hostname and port number of the request URL will be passed
        to the context factory's C{getContext} method.  The resulting context
        object will be used to establish the SSL connection.
        """
        expectedHost = 'example.org'
        expectedPort = 20443
        expectedContext = object()

        contextArgs = []
        class StubWebContextFactory(object):
            def getContext(self, hostname, port):
                contextArgs.append((hostname, port))
                return expectedContext

        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, StubWebContextFactory())
        endpoint = agent._getEndpoint('https', expectedHost, expectedPort)
        contextFactory = endpoint._sslContextFactory
        context = contextFactory.getContext()
        self.assertEqual(context, expectedContext)
        self.assertEqual(contextArgs, [(expectedHost, expectedPort)])


    def test_hostProvided(self):
        """
        If C{None} is passed to L{Agent.request} for the C{headers} parameter,
        a L{Headers} instance is created for the request and a I{Host} header
        added to it.
        """
        self.agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self
        self.agent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com/foo?bar')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('host'), ['example.com'])


    def test_hostOverride(self):
        """
        If the headers passed to L{Agent.request} includes a value for the
        I{Host} header, that value takes precedence over the one which would
        otherwise be automatically provided.
        """
        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'], 'host': ['quux']})
        self.agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self
        self.agent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com/foo?bar', headers)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('host'), ['quux'])


    def test_headersUnmodified(self):
        """
        If a I{Host} header must be added to the request, the L{Headers}
        instance passed to L{Agent.request} is not modified.
        """
        headers = http_headers.Headers()
        self.agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self
        self.agent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com/foo', headers)

        protocol = self.protocol

        # The request should have been issued.
        self.assertEqual(len(protocol.requests), 1)
        # And the headers object passed in should not have changed.
        self.assertEqual(headers, http_headers.Headers())


    def test_hostValueStandardHTTP(self):
        """
        When passed a scheme of C{'http'} and a port of C{80},
        L{Agent._computeHostValue} returns a string giving just
        the host name passed to it.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            self.agent._computeHostValue('http', 'example.com', 80),
            'example.com')


    def test_hostValueNonStandardHTTP(self):
        """
        When passed a scheme of C{'http'} and a port other than C{80},
        L{Agent._computeHostValue} returns a string giving the
        host passed to it joined together with the port number by C{":"}.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            self.agent._computeHostValue('http', 'example.com', 54321),
            'example.com:54321')


    def test_hostValueStandardHTTPS(self):
        """
        When passed a scheme of C{'https'} and a port of C{443},
        L{Agent._computeHostValue} returns a string giving just
        the host name passed to it.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            self.agent._computeHostValue('https', 'example.com', 443),
            'example.com')


    def test_hostValueNonStandardHTTPS(self):
        """
        When passed a scheme of C{'https'} and a port other than C{443},
        L{Agent._computeHostValue} returns a string giving the
        host passed to it joined together with the port number by C{":"}.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            self.agent._computeHostValue('https', 'example.com', 54321),
            'example.com:54321')


    def test_request(self):
        """
        L{Agent.request} establishes a new connection to the host indicated by
        the host part of the URI passed to it and issues a request using the
        method, the path portion of the URI, the headers, and the body producer
        passed to it.  It returns a L{Deferred} which fires with an
        L{IResponse} from the server.
        """
        self.agent._getEndpoint = lambda *args: self

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar']})
        # Just going to check the body for identity, so it doesn't need to be
        # real.
        body = object()
        self.agent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar', headers, body)

        protocol = self.protocol

        # The request should be issued.
        self.assertEqual(len(protocol.requests), 1)
        req, res = protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertIsInstance(req, Request)
        self.assertEqual(req.method, 'GET')
        self.assertEqual(req.uri, '/foo?bar')
        self.assertEqual(
            req.headers,
            http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                  'host': ['example.com:1234']}))
        self.assertIdentical(req.bodyProducer, body)


    def test_connectTimeout(self):
        """
        L{Agent} takes a C{connectTimeout} argument which is forwarded to the
        following C{connectTCP} agent.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, connectTimeout=5)
        agent.request('GET', 'http://foo/')
        timeout = self.reactor.tcpClients.pop()[3]
        self.assertEqual(5, timeout)


    def test_connectSSLTimeout(self):
        """
        L{Agent} takes a C{connectTimeout} argument which is forwarded to the
        following C{connectSSL} call.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, connectTimeout=5)
        agent.request('GET', 'https://foo/')
        timeout = self.reactor.sslClients.pop()[4]
        self.assertEqual(5, timeout)


    def test_bindAddress(self):
        """
        L{Agent} takes a C{bindAddress} argument which is forwarded to the
        following C{connectTCP} call.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, bindAddress='192.168.0.1')
        agent.request('GET', 'http://foo/')
        address = self.reactor.tcpClients.pop()[4]
        self.assertEqual('192.168.0.1', address)


    def test_bindAddressSSL(self):
        """
        L{Agent} takes a C{bindAddress} argument which is forwarded to the
        following C{connectSSL} call.
        """
        agent = client.Agent(self.reactor, bindAddress='192.168.0.1')
        agent.request('GET', 'https://foo/')
        address = self.reactor.sslClients.pop()[5]
        self.assertEqual('192.168.0.1', address)



class HTTPConnectionPoolRetryTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    L{client.HTTPConnectionPool}, by using
    L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol}, supports retrying requests done
    against previously cached connections.
    """

    def test_onlyRetryIdempotentMethods(self):
        """
        Only GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE, DELETE methods should cause a retry.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(None)
        connection = client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol(None, pool)
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry("GET", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry("HEAD", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry(
                "OPTIONS", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry(
                "TRACE", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry(
                "DELETE", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertFalse(connection._shouldRetry(
                "POST", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertFalse(connection._shouldRetry(
                "MYMETHOD", RequestNotSent(), None))
        # This will be covered by a different ticket, since we need support
        #for resettable body producers:
        # self.assertTrue(connection._doRetry("PUT", RequestNotSent(), None))


    def test_onlyRetryIfNoResponseReceived(self):
        """
        Only L{RequestNotSent}, L{RequestTransmissionFailed} and
        L{ResponseNeverReceived} exceptions should be a cause for retrying.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(None)
        connection = client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol(None, pool)
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry("GET", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry(
                "GET", RequestTransmissionFailed([]), None))
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry(
                "GET", ResponseNeverReceived([]),None))
        self.assertFalse(connection._shouldRetry(
                "GET", ResponseFailed([]), None))
        self.assertFalse(connection._shouldRetry(
                "GET", ConnectionRefusedError(), None))


    def test_wrappedOnPersistentReturned(self):
        """
        If L{client.HTTPConnectionPool.getConnection} returns a previously
        cached connection, it will get wrapped in a
        L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol}.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(Clock())

        # Add a connection to the cache:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        pool._putConnection(123, protocol)

        # Retrieve it, it should come back wrapped in a
        # _RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol:
        d = pool.getConnection(123, DummyEndpoint())

        def gotConnection(connection):
            self.assertIsInstance(connection,
                                  client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol)
            self.assertIdentical(connection._clientProtocol, protocol)
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)


    def test_notWrappedOnNewReturned(self):
        """
        If L{client.HTTPConnectionPool.getConnection} returns a new
        connection, it will be returned as is.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(None)
        d = pool.getConnection(123, DummyEndpoint())

        def gotConnection(connection):
            # Don't want to use isinstance since potentially the wrapper might
            # subclass it at some point:
            self.assertIdentical(connection.__class__, HTTP11ClientProtocol)
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)


    def retryAttempt(self, willWeRetry):
        """
        Fail a first request, possibly retrying depending on argument.
        """
        protocols = []
        def newProtocol():
            protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
            protocols.append(protocol)
            return defer.succeed(protocol)

        bodyProducer = object()
        request = client.Request("FOO", "/", client.Headers(), bodyProducer,
                                 persistent=True)
        newProtocol()
        protocol = protocols[0]
        retrier = client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol(protocol, newProtocol)

        def _shouldRetry(m, e, bp):
            self.assertEqual(m, "FOO")
            self.assertIdentical(bp, bodyProducer)
            self.assertIsInstance(e, (RequestNotSent, ResponseNeverReceived))
            return willWeRetry
        retrier._shouldRetry = _shouldRetry

        d = retrier.request(request)

        # So far, one request made:
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols[0].requests), 1)

        # Fail the first request:
        protocol.requests[0][1].errback(RequestNotSent())
        return d, protocols


    def test_retryIfShouldRetryReturnsTrue(self):
        """
        L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol} retries when
        L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol._shouldRetry} returns C{True}.
        """
        d, protocols = self.retryAttempt(True)
        # We retried!
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols), 2)
        response = object()
        protocols[1].requests[0][1].callback(response)
        return d.addCallback(self.assertIdentical, response)


    def test_dontRetryIfShouldRetryReturnsFalse(self):
        """
        L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol} does not retry when
        L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol._shouldRetry} returns C{False}.
        """
        d, protocols = self.retryAttempt(False)
        # We did not retry:
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols), 1)
        return self.assertFailure(d, RequestNotSent)


    def test_onlyRetryWithoutBody(self):
        """
        L{_RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol} only retries queries that don't have
        a body.

        This is an implementation restriction; if the restriction is fixed,
        this test should be removed and PUT added to list of methods that
        support retries.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(None)
        connection = client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol(None, pool)
        self.assertTrue(connection._shouldRetry("GET", RequestNotSent(), None))
        self.assertFalse(connection._shouldRetry("GET", RequestNotSent(), object()))


    def test_onlyRetryOnce(self):
        """
        If a L{client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol} fails more than once on
        an idempotent query before a response is received, it will not retry.
        """
        d, protocols = self.retryAttempt(True)
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols), 2)
        # Fail the second request too:
        protocols[1].requests[0][1].errback(ResponseNeverReceived([]))
        # We didn't retry again:
        self.assertEqual(len(protocols), 2)
        return self.assertFailure(d, ResponseNeverReceived)


    def test_dontRetryIfRetryAutomaticallyFalse(self):
        """
        If L{HTTPConnectionPool.retryAutomatically} is set to C{False}, don't
        wrap connections with retrying logic.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(Clock())
        pool.retryAutomatically = False

        # Add a connection to the cache:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        pool._putConnection(123, protocol)

        # Retrieve it, it should come back unwrapped:
        d = pool.getConnection(123, DummyEndpoint())

        def gotConnection(connection):
            self.assertIdentical(connection, protocol)
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)


    def test_retryWithNewConnection(self):
        """
        L{client.HTTPConnectionPool} creates
        {client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol} with a new connection factory
        method that creates a new connection using the same key and endpoint
        as the wrapped connection.
        """
        pool = client.HTTPConnectionPool(Clock())
        key = 123
        endpoint = DummyEndpoint()
        newConnections = []

        # Override the pool's _newConnection:
        def newConnection(k, e):
            newConnections.append((k, e))
        pool._newConnection = newConnection

        # Add a connection to the cache:
        protocol = StubHTTPProtocol()
        protocol.makeConnection(StringTransport())
        pool._putConnection(key, protocol)

        # Retrieve it, it should come back wrapped in a
        # _RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol:
        d = pool.getConnection(key, endpoint)

        def gotConnection(connection):
            self.assertIsInstance(connection,
                                  client._RetryingHTTP11ClientProtocol)
            self.assertIdentical(connection._clientProtocol, protocol)
            # Verify that the _newConnection method on retrying connection
            # calls _newConnection on the pool:
            self.assertEqual(newConnections, [])
            connection._newConnection()
            self.assertEqual(len(newConnections), 1)
            self.assertEqual(newConnections[0][0], key)
            self.assertIdentical(newConnections[0][1], endpoint)
        return d.addCallback(gotConnection)




class CookieTestsMixin(object):
    """
    Mixin for unit tests dealing with cookies.
    """
    def addCookies(self, cookieJar, uri, cookies):
        """
        Add a cookie to a cookie jar.
        """
        response = client._FakeUrllib2Response(
            client.Response(
                ('HTTP', 1, 1),
                200,
                'OK',
                client.Headers({'Set-Cookie': cookies}),
                None))
        request = client._FakeUrllib2Request(uri)
        cookieJar.extract_cookies(response, request)
        return request, response



class CookieJarTests(unittest.TestCase, CookieTestsMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{twisted.web.client._FakeUrllib2Response} and
    L{twisted.web.client._FakeUrllib2Request}'s interactions with
    C{cookielib.CookieJar} instances.
    """
    def makeCookieJar(self):
        """
        Create a C{cookielib.CookieJar} with some sample cookies.
        """
        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        reqres = self.addCookies(
            cookieJar,
            'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar',
            ['foo=1; cow=moo; Path=/foo; Comment=hello',
             'bar=2; Comment=goodbye'])
        return cookieJar, reqres


    def test_extractCookies(self):
        """
        L{cookielib.CookieJar.extract_cookies} extracts cookie information from
        fake urllib2 response instances.
        """
        jar = self.makeCookieJar()[0]
        cookies = dict([(c.name, c) for c in jar])

        cookie = cookies['foo']
        self.assertEqual(cookie.version, 0)
        self.assertEqual(cookie.name, 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.value, '1')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.path, '/foo')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.comment, 'hello')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.get_nonstandard_attr('cow'), 'moo')

        cookie = cookies['bar']
        self.assertEqual(cookie.version, 0)
        self.assertEqual(cookie.name, 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.value, '2')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.path, '/')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.comment, 'goodbye')
        self.assertIdentical(cookie.get_nonstandard_attr('cow'), None)


    def test_sendCookie(self):
        """
        L{cookielib.CookieJar.add_cookie_header} adds a cookie header to a fake
        urllib2 request instance.
        """
        jar, (request, response) = self.makeCookieJar()

        self.assertIdentical(
            request.get_header('Cookie', None),
            None)

        jar.add_cookie_header(request)
        self.assertEqual(
            request.get_header('Cookie', None),
            'foo=1; bar=2')



class CookieAgentTests(unittest.TestCase, CookieTestsMixin,
                       FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{twisted.web.client.CookieAgent}.
    """
    def setUp(self):
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()


    def test_emptyCookieJarRequest(self):
        """
        L{CookieAgent.request} does not insert any C{'Cookie'} header into the
        L{Request} object if there is no cookie in the cookie jar for the URI
        being requested. Cookies are extracted from the response and stored in
        the cookie jar.
        """
        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.assertEqual(list(cookieJar), [])

        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        cookieAgent = client.CookieAgent(agent, cookieJar)
        d = cookieAgent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar')

        def _checkCookie(ignored):
            cookies = list(cookieJar)
            self.assertEqual(len(cookies), 1)
            self.assertEqual(cookies[0].name, 'foo')
            self.assertEqual(cookies[0].value, '1')

        d.addCallback(_checkCookie)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertIdentical(req.headers.getRawHeaders('cookie'), None)

        resp = client.Response(
            ('HTTP', 1, 1),
            200,
            'OK',
            client.Headers({'Set-Cookie': ['foo=1',]}),
            None)
        res.callback(resp)

        return d


    def test_requestWithCookie(self):
        """
        L{CookieAgent.request} inserts a C{'Cookie'} header into the L{Request}
        object when there is a cookie matching the request URI in the cookie
        jar.
        """
        uri = 'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar'
        cookie = 'foo=1'

        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.addCookies(cookieJar, uri, [cookie])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(cookieJar)), 1)

        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        cookieAgent = client.CookieAgent(agent, cookieJar)
        cookieAgent.request('GET', uri)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('cookie'), [cookie])


    def test_secureCookie(self):
        """
        L{CookieAgent} is able to handle secure cookies, ie cookies which
        should only be handled over https.
        """
        uri = 'https://example.com:1234/foo?bar'
        cookie = 'foo=1;secure'

        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.addCookies(cookieJar, uri, [cookie])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(cookieJar)), 1)

        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        cookieAgent = client.CookieAgent(agent, cookieJar)
        cookieAgent.request('GET', uri)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('cookie'), ['foo=1'])


    def test_secureCookieOnInsecureConnection(self):
        """
        If a cookie is setup as secure, it won't be sent with the request if
        it's not over HTTPS.
        """
        uri = 'http://example.com/foo?bar'
        cookie = 'foo=1;secure'

        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.addCookies(cookieJar, uri, [cookie])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(cookieJar)), 1)

        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        cookieAgent = client.CookieAgent(agent, cookieJar)
        cookieAgent.request('GET', uri)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertIdentical(None, req.headers.getRawHeaders('cookie'))


    def test_portCookie(self):
        """
        L{CookieAgent} supports cookies which enforces the port number they
        need to be transferred upon.
        """
        uri = 'https://example.com:1234/foo?bar'
        cookie = 'foo=1;port=1234'

        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.addCookies(cookieJar, uri, [cookie])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(cookieJar)), 1)

        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        cookieAgent = client.CookieAgent(agent, cookieJar)
        cookieAgent.request('GET', uri)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('cookie'), ['foo=1'])


    def test_portCookieOnWrongPort(self):
        """
        When creating a cookie with a port directive, it won't be added to the
        L{cookie.CookieJar} if the URI is on a different port.
        """
        uri = 'https://example.com:4567/foo?bar'
        cookie = 'foo=1;port=1234'

        cookieJar = cookielib.CookieJar()
        self.addCookies(cookieJar, uri, [cookie])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(cookieJar)), 0)



class Decoder1(proxyForInterface(IResponse)):
    """
    A test decoder to be used by L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} tests.
    """



class Decoder2(Decoder1):
    """
    A test decoder to be used by L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} tests.
    """



class ContentDecoderAgentTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{client.ContentDecoderAgent}.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create an L{Agent} wrapped around a fake reactor.
        """
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()
        self.agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)


    def test_acceptHeaders(self):
        """
        L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} sets the I{Accept-Encoding} header to the
        names of the available decoder objects.
        """
        agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            self.agent, [('decoder1', Decoder1), ('decoder2', Decoder2)])

        agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        protocol = self.protocol

        self.assertEqual(len(protocol.requests), 1)
        req, res = protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(req.headers.getRawHeaders('accept-encoding'),
                          ['decoder1,decoder2'])


    def test_existingHeaders(self):
        """
        If there are existing I{Accept-Encoding} fields,
        L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} creates a new field for the decoders it
        knows about.
        """
        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                        'accept-encoding': ['fizz']})
        agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            self.agent, [('decoder1', Decoder1), ('decoder2', Decoder2)])
        agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo', headers=headers)

        protocol = self.protocol

        self.assertEqual(len(protocol.requests), 1)
        req, res = protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual(
            list(req.headers.getAllRawHeaders()),
            [('Host', ['example.com']),
             ('Foo', ['bar']),
             ('Accept-Encoding', ['fizz', 'decoder1,decoder2'])])


    def test_plainEncodingResponse(self):
        """
        If the response is not encoded despited the request I{Accept-Encoding}
        headers, L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} simply forwards the response.
        """
        agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            self.agent, [('decoder1', Decoder1), ('decoder2', Decoder2)])
        deferred = agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', http_headers.Headers(),
                            None)
        res.callback(response)

        return deferred.addCallback(self.assertIdentical, response)


    def test_unsupportedEncoding(self):
        """
        If an encoding unknown to the L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} is found,
        the response is unchanged.
        """
        agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            self.agent, [('decoder1', Decoder1), ('decoder2', Decoder2)])
        deferred = agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                        'content-encoding': ['fizz']})
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        return deferred.addCallback(self.assertIdentical, response)


    def test_unknownEncoding(self):
        """
        When L{client.ContentDecoderAgent} encounters a decoder it doesn't know
        about, it stops decoding even if another encoding is known afterwards.
        """
        agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            self.agent, [('decoder1', Decoder1), ('decoder2', Decoder2)])
        deferred = agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                        'content-encoding':
                                        ['decoder1,fizz,decoder2']})
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        def check(result):
            self.assertNotIdentical(response, result)
            self.assertIsInstance(result, Decoder2)
            self.assertEqual(['decoder1,fizz'],
                              result.headers.getRawHeaders('content-encoding'))

        return deferred.addCallback(check)



class SimpleAgentProtocol(Protocol):
    """
    A L{Protocol} to be used with an L{client.Agent} to receive data.

    @ivar finished: L{Deferred} firing when C{connectionLost} is called.

    @ivar made: L{Deferred} firing when C{connectionMade} is called.

    @ivar received: C{list} of received data.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.made = Deferred()
        self.finished = Deferred()
        self.received = []


    def connectionMade(self):
        self.made.callback(None)


    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        self.finished.callback(None)


    def dataReceived(self, data):
        self.received.append(data)



class ContentDecoderAgentWithGzipTests(unittest.TestCase,
                                       FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create an L{Agent} wrapped around a fake reactor.
        """
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()
        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        self.agent = client.ContentDecoderAgent(
            agent, [("gzip", client.GzipDecoder)])


    def test_gzipEncodingResponse(self):
        """
        If the response has a C{gzip} I{Content-Encoding} header,
        L{GzipDecoder} wraps the response to return uncompressed data to the
        user.
        """
        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                        'content-encoding': ['gzip']})
        transport = StringTransport()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, transport)
        response.length = 12
        res.callback(response)

        compressor = zlib.compressobj(2, zlib.DEFLATED, 16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
        data = (compressor.compress('x' * 6) + compressor.compress('y' * 4) +
                compressor.flush())

        def checkResponse(result):
            self.assertNotIdentical(result, response)
            self.assertEqual(result.version, ('HTTP', 1, 1))
            self.assertEqual(result.code, 200)
            self.assertEqual(result.phrase, 'OK')
            self.assertEqual(list(result.headers.getAllRawHeaders()),
                              [('Foo', ['bar'])])
            self.assertEqual(result.length, UNKNOWN_LENGTH)
            self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, result, 'unknown')

            response._bodyDataReceived(data[:5])
            response._bodyDataReceived(data[5:])
            response._bodyDataFinished()

            protocol = SimpleAgentProtocol()
            result.deliverBody(protocol)

            self.assertEqual(protocol.received, ['x' * 6 + 'y' * 4])
            return defer.gatherResults([protocol.made, protocol.finished])

        deferred.addCallback(checkResponse)

        return deferred


    def test_brokenContent(self):
        """
        If the data received by the L{GzipDecoder} isn't valid gzip-compressed
        data, the call to C{deliverBody} fails with a C{zlib.error}.
        """
        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                        'content-encoding': ['gzip']})
        transport = StringTransport()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, transport)
        response.length = 12
        res.callback(response)

        data = "not gzipped content"

        def checkResponse(result):
            response._bodyDataReceived(data)

            result.deliverBody(Protocol())

        deferred.addCallback(checkResponse)
        self.assertFailure(deferred, client.ResponseFailed)

        def checkFailure(error):
            error.reasons[0].trap(zlib.error)
            self.assertIsInstance(error.response, Response)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkFailure)


    def test_flushData(self):
        """
        When the connection with the server is lost, the gzip protocol calls
        C{flush} on the zlib decompressor object to get uncompressed data which
        may have been buffered.
        """
        class decompressobj(object):

            def __init__(self, wbits):
                pass

            def decompress(self, data):
                return 'x'

            def flush(self):
                return 'y'


        oldDecompressObj = zlib.decompressobj
        zlib.decompressobj = decompressobj
        self.addCleanup(setattr, zlib, 'decompressobj', oldDecompressObj)

        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'content-encoding': ['gzip']})
        transport = StringTransport()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, transport)
        res.callback(response)

        def checkResponse(result):
            response._bodyDataReceived('data')
            response._bodyDataFinished()

            protocol = SimpleAgentProtocol()
            result.deliverBody(protocol)

            self.assertEqual(protocol.received, ['x', 'y'])
            return defer.gatherResults([protocol.made, protocol.finished])

        deferred.addCallback(checkResponse)

        return deferred


    def test_flushError(self):
        """
        If the C{flush} call in C{connectionLost} fails, the C{zlib.error}
        exception is caught and turned into a L{ResponseFailed}.
        """
        class decompressobj(object):

            def __init__(self, wbits):
                pass

            def decompress(self, data):
                return 'x'

            def flush(self):
                raise zlib.error()


        oldDecompressObj = zlib.decompressobj
        zlib.decompressobj = decompressobj
        self.addCleanup(setattr, zlib, 'decompressobj', oldDecompressObj)

        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers({'content-encoding': ['gzip']})
        transport = StringTransport()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, transport)
        res.callback(response)

        def checkResponse(result):
            response._bodyDataReceived('data')
            response._bodyDataFinished()

            protocol = SimpleAgentProtocol()
            result.deliverBody(protocol)

            self.assertEqual(protocol.received, ['x', 'y'])
            return defer.gatherResults([protocol.made, protocol.finished])

        deferred.addCallback(checkResponse)

        self.assertFailure(deferred, client.ResponseFailed)

        def checkFailure(error):
            error.reasons[1].trap(zlib.error)
            self.assertIsInstance(error.response, Response)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkFailure)



class ProxyAgentTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{client.ProxyAgent}.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()
        self.agent = client.ProxyAgent(
            TCP4ClientEndpoint(self.reactor, "bar", 5678), self.reactor)
        oldEndpoint = self.agent._proxyEndpoint
        self.agent._proxyEndpoint = self.StubEndpoint(oldEndpoint, self)


    def test_proxyRequest(self):
        """
        L{client.ProxyAgent} issues an HTTP request against the proxy, with the
        full URI as path, when C{request} is called.
        """
        headers = http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar']})
        # Just going to check the body for identity, so it doesn't need to be
        # real.
        body = object()
        self.agent.request(
            'GET', 'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar', headers, body)

        host, port, factory = self.reactor.tcpClients.pop()[:3]
        self.assertEqual(host, "bar")
        self.assertEqual(port, 5678)

        self.assertIsInstance(factory._wrappedFactory,
                              client._HTTP11ClientFactory)

        protocol = self.protocol

        # The request should be issued.
        self.assertEqual(len(protocol.requests), 1)
        req, res = protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertIsInstance(req, Request)
        self.assertEqual(req.method, 'GET')
        self.assertEqual(req.uri, 'http://example.com:1234/foo?bar')
        self.assertEqual(
            req.headers,
            http_headers.Headers({'foo': ['bar'],
                                  'host': ['example.com:1234']}))
        self.assertIdentical(req.bodyProducer, body)


    def test_nonPersistent(self):
        """
        C{ProxyAgent} connections are not persistent by default.
        """
        self.assertEqual(self.agent._pool.persistent, False)


    def test_connectUsesConnectionPool(self):
        """
        When a connection is made by the C{ProxyAgent}, it uses its pool's
        C{getConnection} method to do so, with the endpoint it was constructed
        with and a key of C{("http-proxy", endpoint)}.
        """
        endpoint = DummyEndpoint()
        class DummyPool(object):
            connected = False
            persistent = False
            def getConnection(this, key, ep):
                this.connected = True
                self.assertIdentical(ep, endpoint)
                # The key is *not* tied to the final destination, but only to
                # the address of the proxy, since that's where *we* are
                # connecting:
                self.assertEqual(key, ("http-proxy", endpoint))
                return defer.succeed(StubHTTPProtocol())

        pool = DummyPool()
        agent = client.ProxyAgent(endpoint, self.reactor, pool=pool)
        self.assertIdentical(pool, agent._pool)

        agent.request('GET', 'http://foo/')
        self.assertEqual(agent._pool.connected, True)



class RedirectAgentTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeReactorAndConnectMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{client.RedirectAgent}.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        self.reactor = self.Reactor()
        self.agent = client.RedirectAgent(
            self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor))


    def test_noRedirect(self):
        """
        L{client.RedirectAgent} behaves like L{client.Agent} if the response
        doesn't contain a redirect.
        """
        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 200, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        self.assertEqual(0, len(self.protocol.requests))

        def checkResponse(result):
            self.assertIdentical(result, response)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkResponse)


    def _testRedirectDefault(self, code):
        """
        When getting a redirect, L{RedirectAgent} follows the URL specified in
        the L{Location} header field and make a new request.
        """
        self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        host, port = self.reactor.tcpClients.pop()[:2]
        self.assertEqual("example.com", host)
        self.assertEqual(80, port)

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers(
            {'location': ['https://example.com/bar']})
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), code, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        req2, res2 = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual('GET', req2.method)
        self.assertEqual('/bar', req2.uri)

        host, port = self.reactor.sslClients.pop()[:2]
        self.assertEqual("example.com", host)
        self.assertEqual(443, port)


    def test_redirect301(self):
        """
        L{RedirectAgent} follows redirects on status code 301.
        """
        self._testRedirectDefault(301)


    def test_redirect302(self):
        """
        L{RedirectAgent} follows redirects on status code 302.
        """
        self._testRedirectDefault(302)


    def test_redirect307(self):
        """
        L{RedirectAgent} follows redirects on status code 307.
        """
        self._testRedirectDefault(307)


    def test_redirect303(self):
        """
        L{RedirectAgent} changes the methods to C{GET} when getting a redirect
        on a C{POST} request.
        """
        self.agent.request('POST', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers(
            {'location': ['http://example.com/bar']})
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 303, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        req2, res2 = self.protocol.requests.pop()
        self.assertEqual('GET', req2.method)
        self.assertEqual('/bar', req2.uri)


    def test_noLocationField(self):
        """
        If no L{Location} header field is found when getting a redirect,
        L{RedirectAgent} fails with a L{ResponseFailed} error wrapping a
        L{error.RedirectWithNoLocation} exception.
        """
        deferred = self.agent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 301, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        self.assertFailure(deferred, client.ResponseFailed)

        def checkFailure(fail):
            fail.reasons[0].trap(error.RedirectWithNoLocation)
            self.assertEqual('http://example.com/foo',
                             fail.reasons[0].value.uri)
            self.assertEqual(301, fail.response.code)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkFailure)


    def test_307OnPost(self):
        """
        When getting a 307 redirect on a C{POST} request, L{RedirectAgent} fais
        with a L{ResponseFailed} error wrapping a L{error.PageRedirect}
        exception.
        """
        deferred = self.agent.request('POST', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers()
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 307, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        self.assertFailure(deferred, client.ResponseFailed)

        def checkFailure(fail):
            fail.reasons[0].trap(error.PageRedirect)
            self.assertEqual('http://example.com/foo',
                             fail.reasons[0].value.location)
            self.assertEqual(307, fail.response.code)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkFailure)


    def test_redirectLimit(self):
        """
        If the limit of redirects specified to L{RedirectAgent} is reached, the
        deferred fires with L{ResponseFailed} error wrapping a
        L{InfiniteRedirection} exception.
        """
        agent = self.buildAgentForWrapperTest(self.reactor)
        redirectAgent = client.RedirectAgent(agent, 1)

        deferred = redirectAgent.request('GET', 'http://example.com/foo')

        req, res = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        headers = http_headers.Headers(
            {'location': ['http://example.com/bar']})
        response = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 302, 'OK', headers, None)
        res.callback(response)

        req2, res2 = self.protocol.requests.pop()

        response2 = Response(('HTTP', 1, 1), 302, 'OK', headers, None)
        res2.callback(response2)

        self.assertFailure(deferred, client.ResponseFailed)

        def checkFailure(fail):
            fail.reasons[0].trap(error.InfiniteRedirection)
            self.assertEqual('http://example.com/foo',
                             fail.reasons[0].value.location)
            self.assertEqual(302, fail.response.code)

        return deferred.addCallback(checkFailure)



if ssl is None or not hasattr(ssl, 'DefaultOpenSSLContextFactory'):
    for case in [WebClientSSLTestCase, WebClientRedirectBetweenSSLandPlainText]:
        case.skip = "OpenSSL not present"

if not interfaces.IReactorSSL(reactor, None):
    for case in [WebClientSSLTestCase, WebClientRedirectBetweenSSLandPlainText]:
        case.skip = "Reactor doesn't support SSL"