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diff --git a/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..590dae77ea12 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only + +=============================== + Qualcomm Cloud AI 100 (AIC100) +=============================== + +Overview +======== + +The Qualcomm Cloud AI 100/AIC100 family of products (including SA9000P - part of +Snapdragon Ride) are PCIe adapter cards which contain a dedicated SoC ASIC for +the purpose of efficiently running Artificial Intelligence (AI) Deep Learning +inference workloads. They are AI accelerators. + +The PCIe interface of AIC100 is capable of PCIe Gen4 speeds over eight lanes +(x8). An individual SoC on a card can have up to 16 NSPs for running workloads. +Each SoC has an A53 management CPU. On card, there can be up to 32 GB of DDR. + +Multiple AIC100 cards can be hosted in a single system to scale overall +performance. AIC100 cards are multi-user capable and able to execute workloads +from multiple users in a concurrent manner. + +Hardware Description +==================== + +An AIC100 card consists of an AIC100 SoC, on-card DDR, and a set of misc +peripherals (PMICs, etc). + +An AIC100 card can either be a PCIe HHHL form factor (a traditional PCIe card), +or a Dual M.2 card. Both use PCIe to connect to the host system. + +As a PCIe endpoint/adapter, AIC100 uses the standard VendorID(VID)/ +DeviceID(DID) combination to uniquely identify itself to the host. AIC100 +uses the standard Qualcomm VID (0x17cb). All AIC100 SKUs use the same +AIC100 DID (0xa100). + +AIC100 does not implement FLR (function level reset). + +AIC100 implements MSI but does not implement MSI-X. AIC100 prefers 17 MSIs to +operate (1 for MHI, 16 for the DMA Bridge). Falling back to 1 MSI is possible in +scenarios where reserving 32 MSIs isn't feasible. + +As a PCIe device, AIC100 utilizes BARs to provide host interfaces to the device +hardware. AIC100 provides 3, 64-bit BARs. + +* The first BAR is 4K in size, and exposes the MHI interface to the host. + +* The second BAR is 2M in size, and exposes the DMA Bridge interface to the + host. + +* The third BAR is variable in size based on an individual AIC100's + configuration, but defaults to 64K. This BAR currently has no purpose. + +From the host perspective, AIC100 has several key hardware components - + +* MHI (Modem Host Interface) +* QSM (QAIC Service Manager) +* NSPs (Neural Signal Processor) +* DMA Bridge +* DDR + +MHI +--- + +AIC100 has one MHI interface over PCIe. MHI itself is documented at +Documentation/mhi/index.rst MHI is the mechanism the host uses to communicate +with the QSM. Except for workload data via the DMA Bridge, all interaction with +the device occurs via MHI. + +QSM +--- + +QAIC Service Manager. This is an ARM A53 CPU that runs the primary +firmware of the card and performs on-card management tasks. It also +communicates with the host via MHI. Each AIC100 has one of +these. + +NSP +--- + +Neural Signal Processor. Each AIC100 has up to 16 of these. These are +the processors that run the workloads on AIC100. Each NSP is a Qualcomm Hexagon +(Q6) DSP with HVX and HMX. Each NSP can only run one workload at a time, but +multiple NSPs may be assigned to a single workload. Since each NSP can only run +one workload, AIC100 is limited to 16 concurrent workloads. Workload +"scheduling" is under the purview of the host. AIC100 does not automatically +timeslice. + +DMA Bridge +---------- + +The DMA Bridge is custom DMA engine that manages the flow of data +in and out of workloads. AIC100 has one of these. The DMA Bridge has 16 +channels, each consisting of a set of request/response FIFOs. Each active +workload is assigned a single DMA Bridge channel. The DMA Bridge exposes +hardware registers to manage the FIFOs (head/tail pointers), but requires host +memory to store the FIFOs. + +DDR +--- + +AIC100 has on-card DDR. In total, an AIC100 can have up to 32 GB of DDR. +This DDR is used to store workloads, data for the workloads, and is used by the +QSM for managing the device. NSPs are granted access to sections of the DDR by +the QSM. The host does not have direct access to the DDR, and must make +requests to the QSM to transfer data to the DDR. + +High-level Use Flow +=================== + +AIC100 is a multi-user, programmable accelerator typically used for running +neural networks in inferencing mode to efficiently perform AI operations. +AIC100 is not intended for training neural networks. AIC100 can be utilized +for generic compute workloads. + +Assuming a user wants to utilize AIC100, they would follow these steps: + +1. Compile the workload into an ELF targeting the NSP(s) +2. Make requests to the QSM to load the workload and related artifacts into the + device DDR +3. Make a request to the QSM to activate the workload onto a set of idle NSPs +4. Make requests to the DMA Bridge to send input data to the workload to be + processed, and other requests to receive processed output data from the + workload. +5. Once the workload is no longer required, make a request to the QSM to + deactivate the workload, thus putting the NSPs back into an idle state. +6. Once the workload and related artifacts are no longer needed for future + sessions, make requests to the QSM to unload the data from DDR. This frees + the DDR to be used by other users. + + +Boot Flow +========= + +AIC100 uses a flashless boot flow, derived from Qualcomm MSMs. + +When AIC100 is first powered on, it begins executing PBL (Primary Bootloader) +from ROM. PBL enumerates the PCIe link, and initializes the BHI (Boot Host +Interface) component of MHI. + +Using BHI, the host points PBL to the location of the SBL (Secondary Bootloader) +image. The PBL pulls the image from the host, validates it, and begins +execution of SBL. + +SBL initializes MHI, and uses MHI to notify the host that the device has entered +the SBL stage. SBL performs a number of operations: + +* SBL initializes the majority of hardware (anything PBL left uninitialized), + including DDR. +* SBL offloads the bootlog to the host. +* SBL synchronizes timestamps with the host for future logging. +* SBL uses the Sahara protocol to obtain the runtime firmware images from the + host. + +Once SBL has obtained and validated the runtime firmware, it brings the NSPs out +of reset, and jumps into the QSM. + +The QSM uses MHI to notify the host that the device has entered the QSM stage +(AMSS in MHI terms). At this point, the AIC100 device is fully functional, and +ready to process workloads. + +Userspace components +==================== + +Compiler +-------- + +An open compiler for AIC100 based on upstream LLVM can be found at: +https://github.com/quic/software-kit-for-qualcomm-cloud-ai-100-cc + +Usermode Driver (UMD) +--------------------- + +An open UMD that interfaces with the qaic kernel driver can be found at: +https://github.com/quic/software-kit-for-qualcomm-cloud-ai-100 + +Sahara loader +------------- + +An open implementation of the Sahara protocol called kickstart can be found at: +https://github.com/andersson/qdl + +MHI Channels +============ + +AIC100 defines a number of MHI channels for different purposes. This is a list +of the defined channels, and their uses. + ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| Channel name | IDs | EEs | Purpose | ++================+=========+==========+========================================+ +| QAIC_LOOPBACK | 0 & 1 | AMSS | Any data sent to the device on this | +| | | | channel is sent back to the host. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_SAHARA | 2 & 3 | SBL | Used by SBL to obtain the runtime | +| | | | firmware from the host. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_DIAG | 4 & 5 | AMSS | Used to communicate with QSM via the | +| | | | DIAG protocol. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_SSR | 6 & 7 | AMSS | Used to notify the host of subsystem | +| | | | restart events, and to offload SSR | +| | | | crashdumps. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_QDSS | 8 & 9 | AMSS | Used for the Qualcomm Debug Subsystem. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_CONTROL | 10 & 11 | AMSS | Used for the Neural Network Control | +| | | | (NNC) protocol. This is the primary | +| | | | channel between host and QSM for | +| | | | managing workloads. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_LOGGING | 12 & 13 | SBL | Used by the SBL to send the bootlog to | +| | | | the host. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_STATUS | 14 & 15 | AMSS | Used to notify the host of Reliability,| +| | | | Accessibility, Serviceability (RAS) | +| | | | events. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_TELEMETRY | 16 & 17 | AMSS | Used to get/set power/thermal/etc | +| | | | attributes. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_DEBUG | 18 & 19 | AMSS | Not used. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_TIMESYNC | 20 & 21 | SBL | Used to synchronize timestamps in the | +| | | | device side logs with the host time | +| | | | source. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ +| QAIC_TIMESYNC | 22 & 23 | AMSS | Used to periodically synchronize | +| _PERIODIC | | | timestamps in the device side logs with| +| | | | the host time source. | ++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+ + +DMA Bridge +========== + +Overview +-------- + +The DMA Bridge is one of the main interfaces to the host from the device +(the other being MHI). As part of activating a workload to run on NSPs, the QSM +assigns that network a DMA Bridge channel. A workload's DMA Bridge channel +(DBC for short) is solely for the use of that workload and is not shared with +other workloads. + +Each DBC is a pair of FIFOs that manage data in and out of the workload. One +FIFO is the request FIFO. The other FIFO is the response FIFO. + +Each DBC contains 4 registers in hardware: + +* Request FIFO head pointer (offset 0x0). Read only by the host. Indicates the + latest item in the FIFO the device has consumed. +* Request FIFO tail pointer (offset 0x4). Read/write by the host. Host + increments this register to add new items to the FIFO. +* Response FIFO head pointer (offset 0x8). Read/write by the host. Indicates + the latest item in the FIFO the host has consumed. +* Response FIFO tail pointer (offset 0xc). Read only by the host. Device + increments this register to add new items to the FIFO. + +The values in each register are indexes in the FIFO. To get the location of the +FIFO element pointed to by the register: FIFO base address + register * element +size. + +DBC registers are exposed to the host via the second BAR. Each DBC consumes +4KB of space in the BAR. + +The actual FIFOs are backed by host memory. When sending a request to the QSM +to activate a network, the host must donate memory to be used for the FIFOs. +Due to internal mapping limitations of the device, a single contiguous chunk of +memory must be provided per DBC, which hosts both FIFOs. The request FIFO will +consume the beginning of the memory chunk, and the response FIFO will consume +the end of the memory chunk. + +Request FIFO +------------ + +A request FIFO element has the following structure: + +.. code-block:: c + + struct request_elem { + u16 req_id; + u8 seq_id; + u8 pcie_dma_cmd; + u32 reserved; + u64 pcie_dma_source_addr; + u64 pcie_dma_dest_addr; + u32 pcie_dma_len; + u32 reserved; + u64 doorbell_addr; + u8 doorbell_attr; + u8 reserved; + u16 reserved; + u32 doorbell_data; + u32 sem_cmd0; + u32 sem_cmd1; + u32 sem_cmd2; + u32 sem_cmd3; + }; + +Request field descriptions: + +req_id + request ID. A request FIFO element and a response FIFO element with + the same request ID refer to the same command. + +seq_id + sequence ID within a request. Ignored by the DMA Bridge. + +pcie_dma_cmd + describes the DMA element of this request. + + * Bit(7) is the force msi flag, which overrides the DMA Bridge MSI logic + and generates a MSI when this request is complete, and QSM + configures the DMA Bridge to look at this bit. + * Bits(6:5) are reserved. + * Bit(4) is the completion code flag, and indicates that the DMA Bridge + shall generate a response FIFO element when this request is + complete. + * Bit(3) indicates if this request is a linked list transfer(0) or a bulk + transfer(1). + * Bit(2) is reserved. + * Bits(1:0) indicate the type of transfer. No transfer(0), to device(1), + from device(2). Value 3 is illegal. + +pcie_dma_source_addr + source address for a bulk transfer, or the address of the linked list. + +pcie_dma_dest_addr + destination address for a bulk transfer. + +pcie_dma_len + length of the bulk transfer. Note that the size of this field + limits transfers to 4G in size. + +doorbell_addr + address of the doorbell to ring when this request is complete. + +doorbell_attr + doorbell attributes. + + * Bit(7) indicates if a write to a doorbell is to occur. + * Bits(6:2) are reserved. + * Bits(1:0) contain the encoding of the doorbell length. 0 is 32-bit, + 1 is 16-bit, 2 is 8-bit, 3 is reserved. The doorbell address + must be naturally aligned to the specified length. + +doorbell_data + data to write to the doorbell. Only the bits corresponding to + the doorbell length are valid. + +sem_cmdN + semaphore command. + + * Bit(31) indicates this semaphore command is enabled. + * Bit(30) is the to-device DMA fence. Block this request until all + to-device DMA transfers are complete. + * Bit(29) is the from-device DMA fence. Block this request until all + from-device DMA transfers are complete. + * Bits(28:27) are reserved. + * Bits(26:24) are the semaphore command. 0 is NOP. 1 is init with the + specified value. 2 is increment. 3 is decrement. 4 is wait + until the semaphore is equal to the specified value. 5 is wait + until the semaphore is greater or equal to the specified value. + 6 is "P", wait until semaphore is greater than 0, then + decrement by 1. 7 is reserved. + * Bit(23) is reserved. + * Bit(22) is the semaphore sync. 0 is post sync, which means that the + semaphore operation is done after the DMA transfer. 1 is + presync, which gates the DMA transfer. Only one presync is + allowed per request. + * Bit(21) is reserved. + * Bits(20:16) is the index of the semaphore to operate on. + * Bits(15:12) are reserved. + * Bits(11:0) are the semaphore value to use in operations. + +Overall, a request is processed in 4 steps: + +1. If specified, the presync semaphore condition must be true +2. If enabled, the DMA transfer occurs +3. If specified, the postsync semaphore conditions must be true +4. If enabled, the doorbell is written + +By using the semaphores in conjunction with the workload running on the NSPs, +the data pipeline can be synchronized such that the host can queue multiple +requests of data for the workload to process, but the DMA Bridge will only copy +the data into the memory of the workload when the workload is ready to process +the next input. + +Response FIFO +------------- + +Once a request is fully processed, a response FIFO element is generated if +specified in pcie_dma_cmd. The structure of a response FIFO element: + +.. code-block:: c + + struct response_elem { + u16 req_id; + u16 completion_code; + }; + +req_id + matches the req_id of the request that generated this element. + +completion_code + status of this request. 0 is success. Non-zero is an error. + +The DMA Bridge will generate a MSI to the host as a reaction to activity in the +response FIFO of a DBC. The DMA Bridge hardware has an IRQ storm mitigation +algorithm, where it will only generate a MSI when the response FIFO transitions +from empty to non-empty (unless force MSI is enabled and triggered). In +response to this MSI, the host is expected to drain the response FIFO, and must +take care to handle any race conditions between draining the FIFO, and the +device inserting elements into the FIFO. + +Neural Network Control (NNC) Protocol +===================================== + +The NNC protocol is how the host makes requests to the QSM to manage workloads. +It uses the QAIC_CONTROL MHI channel. + +Each NNC request is packaged into a message. Each message is a series of +transactions. A passthrough type transaction can contain elements known as +commands. + +QSM requires NNC messages be little endian encoded and the fields be naturally +aligned. Since there are 64-bit elements in some NNC messages, 64-bit alignment +must be maintained. + +A message contains a header and then a series of transactions. A message may be +at most 4K in size from QSM to the host. From the host to the QSM, a message +can be at most 64K (maximum size of a single MHI packet), but there is a +continuation feature where message N+1 can be marked as a continuation of +message N. This is used for exceedingly large DMA xfer transactions. + +Transaction descriptions +------------------------ + +passthrough + Allows userspace to send an opaque payload directly to the QSM. + This is used for NNC commands. Userspace is responsible for managing + the QSM message requirements in the payload. + +dma_xfer + DMA transfer. Describes an object that the QSM should DMA into the + device via address and size tuples. + +activate + Activate a workload onto NSPs. The host must provide memory to be + used by the DBC. + +deactivate + Deactivate an active workload and return the NSPs to idle. + +status + Query the QSM about it's NNC implementation. Returns the NNC version, + and if CRC is used. + +terminate + Release a user's resources. + +dma_xfer_cont + Continuation of a previous DMA transfer. If a DMA transfer + cannot be specified in a single message (highly fragmented), this + transaction can be used to specify more ranges. + +validate_partition + Query to QSM to determine if a partition identifier is valid. + +Each message is tagged with a user id, and a partition id. The user id allows +QSM to track resources, and release them when the user goes away (eg the process +crashes). A partition id identifies the resource partition that QSM manages, +which this message applies to. + +Messages may have CRCs. Messages should have CRCs applied until the QSM +reports via the status transaction that CRCs are not needed. The QSM on the +SA9000P requires CRCs for black channel safing. + +Subsystem Restart (SSR) +======================= + +SSR is the concept of limiting the impact of an error. An AIC100 device may +have multiple users, each with their own workload running. If the workload of +one user crashes, the fallout of that should be limited to that workload and not +impact other workloads. SSR accomplishes this. + +If a particular workload crashes, QSM notifies the host via the QAIC_SSR MHI +channel. This notification identifies the workload by it's assigned DBC. A +multi-stage recovery process is then used to cleanup both sides, and get the +DBC/NSPs into a working state. + +When SSR occurs, any state in the workload is lost. Any inputs that were in +process, or queued by not yet serviced, are lost. The loaded artifacts will +remain in on-card DDR, but the host will need to re-activate the workload if +it desires to recover the workload. + +Reliability, Accessibility, Serviceability (RAS) +================================================ + +AIC100 is expected to be deployed in server systems where RAS ideology is +applied. Simply put, RAS is the concept of detecting, classifying, and +reporting errors. While PCIe has AER (Advanced Error Reporting) which factors +into RAS, AER does not allow for a device to report details about internal +errors. Therefore, AIC100 implements a custom RAS mechanism. When a RAS event +occurs, QSM will report the event with appropriate details via the QAIC_STATUS +MHI channel. A sysadmin may determine that a particular device needs +additional service based on RAS reports. + +Telemetry +========= + +QSM has the ability to report various physical attributes of the device, and in +some cases, to allow the host to control them. Examples include thermal limits, +thermal readings, and power readings. These items are communicated via the +QAIC_TELEMETRY MHI channel. |