aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/fs/xfs
AgeCommit message (Collapse)Author
2018-03-21xfs: preserve i_rdev when recycling a reclaimable inodeAmir Goldstein
commit acd1d71598f7654b6d7718bcbe979992295c672a upstream. Commit 66f364649d870 ("xfs: remove if_rdev") moved storing of rdev value for special inodes to VFS inodes, but forgot to preserve the value of i_rdev when recycling a reclaimable xfs_inode. This was detected by xfstest overlay/017 with inodex=on mount option and xfs base fs. The test does a lookup of overlay chardev and blockdev right after drop caches. Overlayfs inodes hold a reference on underlying xfs inodes when mount option index=on is configured. If drop caches reclaim xfs inodes, before it relclaims overlayfs inodes, that can sometimes leave a reclaimable xfs inode and that test hits that case quite often. When that happens, the xfs inode cache remains broken (zere i_rdev) until the next cycle mount or drop caches. Fixes: 66f364649d870 ("xfs: remove if_rdev") Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-01-05Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull XFS fixes from Darrick Wong: "I have just a few fixes for bugs and resource cleanup problems this week: - Fix resource cleanup of failed quota initialization - Fix integer overflow problems wrt s_maxbytes" * tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: fix s_maxbytes overflow problems xfs: quota: check result of register_shrinker() xfs: quota: fix missed destroy of qi_tree_lock
2018-01-02xfs: fix s_maxbytes overflow problemsDarrick J. Wong
Fix some integer overflow problems if offset + count happen to be large enough to cause an integer overflow. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2018-01-02xfs: quota: check result of register_shrinker()Aliaksei Karaliou
xfs_qm_init_quotainfo() does not check result of register_shrinker() which was tagged as __must_check recently, reported by sparse. Signed-off-by: Aliaksei Karaliou <akaraliou.dev@gmail.com> [darrick: move xfs_qm_destroy_quotainos nearer xfs_qm_init_quotainos] Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2018-01-02xfs: quota: fix missed destroy of qi_tree_lockAliaksei Karaliou
xfs_qm_destroy_quotainfo() does not destroy quotainfo->qi_tree_lock while destroys quotainfo->qi_quotaofflock. Signed-off-by: Aliaksei Karaliou <akaraliou.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-12-22Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: "Here are some XFS fixes for 4.15-rc5. Apologies for the unusually large number of patches this late, but I wanted to make sure the corruption fixes were really ready to go. Changes since last update: - Fix a locking problem during xattr block conversion that could lead to the log checkpointing thread to try to write an incomplete buffer to disk, which leads to a corruption shutdown - Fix a null pointer dereference when removing delayed allocation extents - Remove post-eof speculative allocations when reflinking a block past current inode size so that we don't just leave them there and assert on inode reclaim - Relax an assert which didn't accurately reflect the way locking works and would trigger under heavy io load - Avoid infinite loop when cancelling copy on write extents after a writeback failure - Try to avoid copy on write transaction reservation overflows when remapping after a successful write - Fix various problems with the copy-on-write reservation automatic garbage collection not being cleaned up properly during a ro remount - Fix problems with rmap log items being processed in the wrong order, leading to corruption shutdowns - Fix problems with EFI recovery wherein the "remove any rmapping if present" mechanism wasn't actually doing anything, which would lead to corruption problems later when the extent is reallocated, leading to multiple rmaps for the same extent" * tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: only skip rmap owner checks for unknown-owner rmap removal xfs: always honor OWN_UNKNOWN rmap removal requests xfs: queue deferred rmap ops for cow staging extent alloc/free in the right order xfs: set cowblocks tag for direct cow writes too xfs: remove leftover CoW reservations when remounting ro xfs: don't be so eager to clear the cowblocks tag on truncate xfs: track cowblocks separately in i_flags xfs: allow CoW remap transactions to use reserve blocks xfs: avoid infinite loop when cancelling CoW blocks after writeback failure xfs: relax is_reflink_inode assert in xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping xfs: remove dest file's post-eof preallocations before reflinking xfs: move xfs_iext_insert tracepoint to report useful information xfs: account for null transactions in bunmapi xfs: hold xfs_buf locked between shortform->leaf conversion and the addition of an attribute xfs: add the ability to join a held buffer to a defer_ops
2017-12-21xfs: only skip rmap owner checks for unknown-owner rmap removalDarrick J. Wong
For rmap removal, refactor the rmap owner checks into a separate function, then skip the checks if we are performing an unknown-owner removal. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-21xfs: always honor OWN_UNKNOWN rmap removal requestsDarrick J. Wong
Calling xfs_rmap_free with an unknown owner is supposed to remove any rmaps covering that range regardless of owner. This is used by the EFI recovery code to say "we're freeing this, it mustn't be owned by anything anymore", but for whatever reason xfs_free_ag_extent filters them out. Therefore, remove the filter and make xfs_rmap_unmap actually treat it as a wildcard owner -- free anything that's already there, and if there's no owner at all then that's fine too. There are two existing callers of bmap_add_free that take care the rmap deferred ops themselves and use OWN_UNKNOWN to skip the EFI-based rmap cleanup; convert these to use OWN_NULL (via helpers), and now we really require that an RUI (if any) gets added to the defer ops before any EFI. Lastly, now that xfs_free_extent filters out OWN_NULL rmap free requests, growfs will have to consult directly with the rmap to ensure that there aren't any rmaps in the grown region. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-21xfs: queue deferred rmap ops for cow staging extent alloc/free in the right ↵Darrick J. Wong
order Under the deferred rmap operation scheme, there's a certain order in which the rmap deferred ops have to be queued to maintain integrity during log replay. For alloc/map operations that order is cui -> rui; for free/unmap operations that order is cui -> rui -> efi. However, the initial refcount code got the ordering wrong in the free side of things because it queued refcount free op and an EFI and the refcount free op queued a rmap free op, resulting in the order cui -> efi -> rui. If we fail before the efd finishes, the efi recovery will try to do a wildcard rmap removal and the subsequent rui will fail to find the rmap and blow up. This didn't ever happen due to other screws up in handling unknown owner rmap removals, but those other screw ups broke recovery in other ways, so fix the ordering to follow the intended rules. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-21xfs: set cowblocks tag for direct cow writes tooDarrick J. Wong
If a user performs a direct CoW write, we end up loading the CoW fork with preallocated extents. Therefore, we must set the cowblocks tag so that they can be cleared out if we run low on space. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-21xfs: remove leftover CoW reservations when remounting roDarrick J. Wong
When we're remounting the filesystem readonly, remove all CoW preallocations prior to going ro. If the fs goes down after the ro remount, we never clean up the staging extents, which means xfs_check will trip over them on a subsequent run. Practically speaking, the next mount will clean them up too, so this is unlikely to be seen. Since we shut down the cowblocks cleaner on remount-ro, we also have to make sure we start it back up if/when we remount-rw. Found by adding clonerange to fsstress and running xfs/017. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-21xfs: don't be so eager to clear the cowblocks tag on truncateDarrick J. Wong
Currently, xfs_itruncate_extents clears the cowblocks tag if i_cnextents is zero. This is wrong, since i_cnextents only tracks real extents in the CoW fork, which means that we could have some delayed CoW reservations still in there that will now never get cleaned. Fix a further bug where we /don't/ clear the reflink iflag if there are any attribute blocks -- really, it's only safe to clear the reflink flag if there are no data fork extents and no cow fork extents. Found by adding clonerange to fsstress in xfs/017. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-20xfs: track cowblocks separately in i_flagsDarrick J. Wong
The EOFBLOCKS/COWBLOCKS tags are totally separate things, so track them with separate i_flags. Right now we're abusing IEOFBLOCKS for both, which is totally bogus because we won't tag the inode with COWBLOCKS if IEOFBLOCKS was set by a previous tagging of the inode with EOFBLOCKS. Found by wiring up clonerange to fsstress in xfs/017. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: allow CoW remap transactions to use reserve blocksDarrick J. Wong
Since we as yet have no way of holding on to the indlen blocks that are reserved as part of CoW fork delalloc reservations, let the CoW remap transaction dip into the reserves so that we avoid failing writes. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: avoid infinite loop when cancelling CoW blocks after writeback failureDarrick J. Wong
When we're cancelling a cow range, we don't always delete each extent that we iterate, so we have to move icur backwards in the list to avoid an infinite loop. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: relax is_reflink_inode assert in xfs_reflink_find_cow_mappingDarrick J. Wong
We don't hold the ilock through the entire sequence of xfs_writepage_map -> xfs_map_cow -> xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping. This means that we can race with another thread that is trying to clear the inode reflink flag, with the result that the flag is set for the xfs_map_cow check but cleared before we get to the assert in find_cow_mapping. When this happens, we blow the assert even though everything is fine. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: remove dest file's post-eof preallocations before reflinkingDarrick J. Wong
If we try to reflink into a file with post-eof preallocations at an offset well past the preallocations, we increase i_size as one would expect. However, those allocations do not have page cache backing them, so they won't get cleaned out on their own. This leads to asserts in the collapse/insert range code and xfs_destroy_inode when they encounter delalloc extents they weren't expecting to find. Since there are plenty of other places where we dump those post-eof blocks, do the same to the reflink destination file before we start remapping extents. This was found by adding clonerange support to fsstress and running it in write-only mode. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: move xfs_iext_insert tracepoint to report useful informationDarrick J. Wong
Move the tracepoint in xfs_iext_insert to after the point where we've inserted the extent because otherwise we report stale extent data in the ftrace output. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: account for null transactions in bunmapiDarrick J. Wong
In e1a4e37cc7b665 ("xfs: try to avoid blowing out the transaction reservation when bunmaping a shared extent"), we try to constrain the amount of real extents we unmap from the data fork in a given call so that we don't blow out transaction reservations. However, not all bunmapi operations require a transaction -- if we're only removing a delalloc extent, no transaction is needed, so we have to code against that. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: hold xfs_buf locked between shortform->leaf conversion and the addition ↵Darrick J. Wong
of an attribute The new attribute leaf buffer is not held locked across the transaction roll between the shortform->leaf modification and the addition of the new entry. As a result, the attribute buffer modification being made is not atomic from an operational perspective. Hence the AIL push can grab it in the transient state of "just created" after the initial transaction is rolled, because the buffer has been released. This leads to xfs_attr3_leaf_verify() asserting that hdr.count is zero, treating this as in-memory corruption, and shutting down the filesystem. Darrick ported the original patch to 4.15 and reworked it use the xfs_defer_bjoin helper and hold/join the buffer correctly across the second transaction roll. Signed-off-by: Alex Lyakas <alex@zadarastorage.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-14xfs: add the ability to join a held buffer to a defer_opsDarrick J. Wong
In certain cases, defer_ops callers will lock a buffer and want to hold the lock across transaction rolls. Similar to ijoined inodes, we want to dirty & join the buffer with each transaction roll in defer_finish so that afterwards the caller still owns the buffer lock and we haven't inadvertently pinned the log. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-13Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: "Here are a few more bug fixes & cleanups for 4.15-rc4: - clean up duplicate includes - remove ancient 'no-alloc' crap code that occasionally caused hard fs shutdowns due to lack of proper space reservations - fix regression in FIEMAP behavior when reporting xattr extents" * tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: make iomap_begin functions trim iomaps consistently xfs: remove "no-allocation" reservations for file creations fs: xfs: remove duplicate includes
2017-12-08xfs: make iomap_begin functions trim iomaps consistentlyDarrick J. Wong
Historically, the XFS iomap_begin function only returned mappings for exactly the range queried, i.e. it doesn't do XFS_BMAPI_ENTIRE lookups. The current vfs iomap consumers are only set up to deal with trimmed mappings. xfs_xattr_iomap_begin does BMAPI_ENTIRE lookups, which is inconsistent with the current iomap usage. Remove the flag so that both iomap_begin functions behave the same way. FWIW this also fixes a behavioral regression in xattr FIEMAP that was introduced in 4.8 wherein attr fork extents are no longer trimmed like they used to be. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-12-08xfs: remove "no-allocation" reservations for file creationsChristoph Hellwig
If we create a new file we will need an inode, and usually some metadata in the parent direction. Aiming for everything to go well despite the lack of a reservation leads to dirty transactions cancelled under a heavy create/delete load. This patch removes those nospace transactions, which will lead to slightly earlier ENOSPC on some workloads, but instead prevent file system shutdowns due to cancelling dirty transactions for others. A customer could observe assertations failures and shutdowns due to cancelation of dirty transactions during heavy NFS workloads as shown below: 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728125] XFS: Assertion failed: error != -ENOSPC, file: fs/xfs/xfs_inode.c, line: 1262 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728222] Call Trace: 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728246] [<ffffffff81795daf>] dump_stack+0x63/0x81 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728262] [<ffffffff810a1a5a>] warn_slowpath_common+0x8a/0xc0 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728264] [<ffffffff810a1b8a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728285] [<ffffffffa01bf403>] asswarn+0x33/0x40 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728308] [<ffffffffa01bb07e>] xfs_create+0x7be/0x7d0 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728329] [<ffffffffa01b6ffb>] xfs_generic_create+0x1fb/0x2e0 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728348] [<ffffffffa01b7114>] xfs_vn_mknod+0x14/0x20 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728366] [<ffffffffa01b7153>] xfs_vn_create+0x13/0x20 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728380] [<ffffffff81231de5>] vfs_create+0xd5/0x140 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728390] [<ffffffffa045ddb9>] do_nfsd_create+0x499/0x610 [nfsd] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728396] [<ffffffffa0465fa5>] nfsd3_proc_create+0x135/0x210 [nfsd] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728401] [<ffffffffa04561e3>] nfsd_dispatch+0xc3/0x210 [nfsd] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728416] [<ffffffffa03bfa43>] svc_process_common+0x453/0x6f0 [sunrpc] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728423] [<ffffffffa03bfdf3>] svc_process+0x113/0x1f0 [sunrpc] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728427] [<ffffffffa0455bcf>] nfsd+0x10f/0x180 [nfsd] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728432] [<ffffffffa0455ac0>] ? nfsd_destroy+0x80/0x80 [nfsd] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728438] [<ffffffff810c0d58>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728441] [<ffffffff810c0c80>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1b0/0x1b0 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728451] [<ffffffff8179d962>] ret_from_fork+0x42/0x70 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728453] [<ffffffff810c0c80>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1b0/0x1b0 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: WARNING: [ 2670.728454] ---[ end trace f9822c842fec81d4 ]--- 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: ALERT: [ 2670.728477] XFS (sdb): Internal error xfs_trans_cancel at line 983 of file fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c. Caller xfs_create+0x4ee/0x7d0 [xfs] 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: ALERT: [ 2670.728684] XFS (sdb): Corruption of in-memory data detected. Shutting down filesystem 2017-05-30 21:17:06 kernel: ALERT: [ 2670.728685] XFS (sdb): Please umount the filesystem and rectify the problem(s) Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-12-08fs: xfs: remove duplicate includesPravin Shedge
These duplicate includes have been found with scripts/checkincludes.pl but they have been removed manually to avoid removing false positives. Signed-off-by: Pravin Shedge <pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-12-01Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: "Here are some bug fixes for 4.15-rc2. - fix memory leaks that appeared after removing ifork inline data buffer - recover deferred rmap update log items in correct order - fix memory leaks when buffer construction fails - fix memory leaks when bmbt is corrupt - fix some uninitialized variables and math problems in the quota scrubber - add some omitted attribution tags on the log replay commit - fix some UBSAN complaints about integer overflows with large sparse files - implement an effective inode mode check in online fsck - fix log's inability to retry quota item writeout due to transient errors" * tag 'xfs-4.15-fixes-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: Properly retry failed dquot items in case of error during buffer writeback xfs: scrub inode mode properly xfs: remove unused parameter from xfs_writepage_map xfs: ubsan fixes xfs: calculate correct offset in xfs_scrub_quota_item xfs: fix uninitialized variable in xfs_scrub_quota xfs: fix leaks on corruption errors in xfs_bmap.c xfs: fortify xfs_alloc_buftarg error handling xfs: log recovery should replay deferred ops in order xfs: always free inline data before resetting inode fork during ifree
2017-11-30xfs: Properly retry failed dquot items in case of error during buffer writebackCarlos Maiolino
Once the inode item writeback errors is already fixed, it's time to fix the same problem in dquot code. Although there were no reports of users hitting this bug in dquot code (at least none I've seen), the bug is there and I was already planning to fix it when the correct approach to fix the inodes part was decided. This patch aims to fix the same problem in dquot code, regarding failed buffers being unable to be resubmitted once they are flush locked. Tested with the recently test-case sent to fstests list by Hou Tao. Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-30xfs: scrub inode mode properlyDarrick J. Wong
Since we've used up all the bits in i_mode, the existing mode check doesn't actually do anything useful. However, we've not used all the bit values in the format portion of i_mode, so we /do/ need to test that for bad values. Fixes: 80e4e1268 ("xfs: scrub inodes") Fixes-coverity-id: 1423992 Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
2017-11-30xfs: remove unused parameter from xfs_writepage_mapDarrick J. Wong
The first thing that xfs_writepage_map does is clobber the offset parameter. Since we never use the passed-in value, turn the parameter into a local variable. This gets rid of an UBSAN warning in generic/466. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
2017-11-30xfs: ubsan fixesDarrick J. Wong
Fix some complaints from the UBSAN about signed integer addition overflows. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
2017-11-28xfs: calculate correct offset in xfs_scrub_quota_itemEric Sandeen
It's only used for tracepoints so it's relatively harmless, but the offset is calculated incorrectly in xfs_scrub_quota_item. qi_dqperchunk is the nr. of dquots per "chunk" which we have conveniently *cough* defined to always be 1 FSB. Therefore block_offset * qi_dqperchunk == first id in that chunk, and so offset = id / qi_dqperchunk id * dqperchunk is ... meaningless. Fixes-coverity-id: 1423965 Fixes: c2fc338c ("xfs: scrub quota information") Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-28xfs: fix uninitialized variable in xfs_scrub_quotaEric Sandeen
On the first pass through the while(1) loop, we get to xfs_scrub_should_terminate() which can test the uninitialized error variable. Fixes-coverity-id: 1423737 Fixes: c2fc338c ("xfs: scrub quota information") Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-28xfs: fix leaks on corruption errors in xfs_bmap.cEric Sandeen
Use _GOTO instead of _RETURN so we can free the allocated cursor on error. Fixes: bf80628 ("xfs: remove xfs_bmse_shift_one") Fixes-coverity-id: 1423813, 1423676 Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-28xfs: fortify xfs_alloc_buftarg error handlingMichal Hocko
percpu_counter_init failure path doesn't clean up &btp->bt_lru list. Call list_lru_destroy in that error path. Similarly register_shrinker error path is not handled. While it is unlikely to trigger these error path, it is not impossible especially the later might fail with large NUMAs. Let's handle the failure to make the code more robust. Noticed-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-27Rename superblock flags (MS_xyz -> SB_xyz)Linus Torvalds
This is a pure automated search-and-replace of the internal kernel superblock flags. The s_flags are now called SB_*, with the names and the values for the moment mirroring the MS_* flags that they're equivalent to. Note how the MS_xyz flags are the ones passed to the mount system call, while the SB_xyz flags are what we then use in sb->s_flags. The script to do this was: # places to look in; re security/*: it generally should *not* be # touched (that stuff parses mount(2) arguments directly), but # there are two places where we really deal with superblock flags. FILES="drivers/mtd drivers/staging/lustre fs ipc mm \ include/linux/fs.h include/uapi/linux/bfs_fs.h \ security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c security/apparmor/include/lib.h" # the list of MS_... constants SYMS="RDONLY NOSUID NODEV NOEXEC SYNCHRONOUS REMOUNT MANDLOCK \ DIRSYNC NOATIME NODIRATIME BIND MOVE REC VERBOSE SILENT \ POSIXACL UNBINDABLE PRIVATE SLAVE SHARED RELATIME KERNMOUNT \ I_VERSION STRICTATIME LAZYTIME SUBMOUNT NOREMOTELOCK NOSEC BORN \ ACTIVE NOUSER" SED_PROG= for i in $SYMS; do SED_PROG="$SED_PROG -e s/MS_$i/SB_$i/g"; done # we want files that contain at least one of MS_..., # with fs/namespace.c and fs/pnode.c excluded. L=$(for i in $SYMS; do git grep -w -l MS_$i $FILES; done| sort|uniq|grep -v '^fs/namespace.c'|grep -v '^fs/pnode.c') for f in $L; do sed -i $f $SED_PROG; done Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-27xfs: log recovery should replay deferred ops in orderDarrick J. Wong
As part of testing log recovery with dm_log_writes, Amir Goldstein discovered an error in the deferred ops recovery that lead to corruption of the filesystem metadata if a reflink+rmap filesystem happened to shut down midway through a CoW remap: "This is what happens [after failed log recovery]: "Phase 1 - find and verify superblock... "Phase 2 - using internal log " - zero log... " - scan filesystem freespace and inode maps... " - found root inode chunk "Phase 3 - for each AG... " - scan (but don't clear) agi unlinked lists... " - process known inodes and perform inode discovery... " - agno = 0 "data fork in regular inode 134 claims CoW block 376 "correcting nextents for inode 134 "bad data fork in inode 134 "would have cleared inode 134" Hou Tao dissected the log contents of exactly such a crash: "According to the implementation of xfs_defer_finish(), these ops should be completed in the following sequence: "Have been done: "(1) CUI: Oper (160) "(2) BUI: Oper (161) "(3) CUD: Oper (194), for CUI Oper (160) "(4) RUI A: Oper (197), free rmap [0x155, 2, -9] "Should be done: "(5) BUD: for BUI Oper (161) "(6) RUI B: add rmap [0x155, 2, 137] "(7) RUD: for RUI A "(8) RUD: for RUI B "Actually be done by xlog_recover_process_intents() "(5) BUD: for BUI Oper (161) "(6) RUI B: add rmap [0x155, 2, 137] "(7) RUD: for RUI B "(8) RUD: for RUI A "So the rmap entry [0x155, 2, -9] for COW should be freed firstly, then a new rmap entry [0x155, 2, 137] will be added. However, as we can see from the log record in post_mount.log (generated after umount) and the trace print, the new rmap entry [0x155, 2, 137] are added firstly, then the rmap entry [0x155, 2, -9] are freed." When reconstructing the internal log state from the log items found on disk, it's required that deferred ops replay in exactly the same order that they would have had the filesystem not gone down. However, replaying unfinished deferred ops can create /more/ deferred ops. These new deferred ops are finished in the wrong order. This causes fs corruption and replay crashes, so let's create a single defer_ops to handle the subsequent ops created during replay, then use one single transaction at the end of log recovery to ensure that everything is replayed in the same order as they're supposed to be. Reported-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Analyzed-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-27xfs: always free inline data before resetting inode fork during ifreeDarrick J. Wong
In xfs_ifree, we reset the data/attr forks to extents format without bothering to free any inline data buffer that might still be around after all the blocks have been truncated off the file. Prior to commit 43518812d2 ("xfs: remove support for inlining data/extents into the inode fork") nobody noticed because the leftover inline data after truncation was small enough to fit inside the inline buffer inside the fork itself. However, now that we've removed the inline buffer, we /always/ have to free the inline data buffer or else we leak them like crazy. This test was found by turning on kmemleak for generic/001 or generic/388. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2017-11-22Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: - Fix a memory leak in the new in-core extent map - Refactor the xfs_dev_t conversions for easier xfsprogs porting * tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: abstract out dev_t conversions xfs: fix memory leak in xfs_iext_free_last_leaf
2017-11-21xfs: abstract out dev_t conversionsChristoph Hellwig
And move them to xfs_linux.h so that xfsprogs can stub them out more easily. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-21xfs: fix memory leak in xfs_iext_free_last_leafShu Wang
found the issue by kmemleak. unreferenced object 0xffff8800674611c0 (size 16): xfs_iext_insert+0x82a/0xa90 [xfs] xfs_bmap_add_extent_hole_delay+0x1e5/0x5b0 [xfs] xfs_bmapi_reserve_delalloc+0x483/0x530 [xfs] xfs_file_iomap_begin+0xac8/0xd40 [xfs] iomap_apply+0xb8/0x1b0 iomap_file_buffered_write+0xac/0xe0 xfs_file_buffered_aio_write+0x198/0x420 [xfs] xfs_file_write_iter+0x23f/0x2a0 [xfs] __vfs_write+0x23e/0x340 vfs_write+0xe9/0x240 SyS_write+0xa1/0x120 do_syscall_64+0xda/0x260 Signed-off-by: Shu Wang <shuwang@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-11-17Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: "A couple more patches to fix a locking bug and some inconsistent type usage in some of the new code: - Fix a forgotten rcu read unlock - Fix some inconsistent integer type usage" * tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: fix type usage xfs: fix forgotten rcu read unlock when skipping inode reclaim
2017-11-17Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.15' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm Pull libnvdimm and dax updates from Dan Williams: "Save for a few late fixes, all of these commits have shipped in -next releases since before the merge window opened, and 0day has given a build success notification. The ext4 touches came from Jan, and the xfs touches have Darrick's reviewed-by. An xfstest for the MAP_SYNC feature has been through a few round of reviews and is on track to be merged. - Introduce MAP_SYNC and MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, a mechanism to enable 'userspace flush' of persistent memory updates via filesystem-dax mappings. It arranges for any filesystem metadata updates that may be required to satisfy a write fault to also be flushed ("on disk") before the kernel returns to userspace from the fault handler. Effectively every write-fault that dirties metadata completes an fsync() before returning from the fault handler. The new MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE mapping type guarantees that the MAP_SYNC flag is validated as supported by the filesystem's ->mmap() file operation. - Add support for the standard ACPI 6.2 label access methods that replace the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL (vendor specific) label methods. This enables interoperability with environments that only implement the standardized methods. - Add support for the ACPI 6.2 NVDIMM media error injection methods. - Add support for the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL v1.6 DIMM commands for latch last shutdown status, firmware update, SMART error injection, and SMART alarm threshold control. - Cleanup physical address information disclosures to be root-only. - Fix revalidation of the DIMM "locked label area" status to support dynamic unlock of the label area. - Expand unit test infrastructure to mock the ACPI 6.2 Translate SPA (system-physical-address) command and error injection commands. Acknowledgements that came after the commits were pushed to -next: - 957ac8c421ad ("dax: fix PMD faults on zero-length files"): Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> - a39e596baa07 ("xfs: support for synchronous DAX faults") and 7b565c9f965b ("xfs: Implement xfs_filemap_pfn_mkwrite() using __xfs_filemap_fault()") Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>" * tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (49 commits) acpi, nfit: add 'Enable Latch System Shutdown Status' command support dax: fix general protection fault in dax_alloc_inode dax: fix PMD faults on zero-length files dax: stop requiring a live device for dax_flush() brd: remove dax support dax: quiet bdev_dax_supported() fs, dax: unify IOMAP_F_DIRTY read vs write handling policy in the dax core tools/testing/nvdimm: unit test clear-error commands acpi, nfit: validate commands against the device type tools/testing/nvdimm: stricter bounds checking for error injection commands xfs: support for synchronous DAX faults xfs: Implement xfs_filemap_pfn_mkwrite() using __xfs_filemap_fault() ext4: Support for synchronous DAX faults ext4: Simplify error handling in ext4_dax_huge_fault() dax: Implement dax_finish_sync_fault() dax, iomap: Add support for synchronous faults mm: Define MAP_SYNC and VM_SYNC flags dax: Allow tuning whether dax_insert_mapping_entry() dirties entry dax: Allow dax_iomap_fault() to return pfn dax: Fix comment describing dax_iomap_fault() ...
2017-11-16xfs: fix type usageDarrick J. Wong
Be consistent about using uint32_t/uint8_t instead of u32/u8. This is more so that we don't have to maintain /those/ types in xfsprogs. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
2017-11-16xfs: fix forgotten rcu read unlock when skipping inode reclaimDarrick J. Wong
In commit f2e9ad21 ("xfs: check for race with xfs_reclaim_inode"), we skip an inode if we're racing with freeing the inode via xfs_reclaim_inode, but we forgot to release the rcu read lock when dumping the inode, with the result that we exit to userspace with a lock held. Don't do that; generic/320 with a 1k block size fails this very occasionally. ================================================ WARNING: lock held when returning to user space! 4.14.0-rc6-djwong #4 Tainted: G W ------------------------------------------------ rm/30466 is leaving the kernel with locks still held! 1 lock held by rm/30466: #0: (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: [<ffffffffa01364d3>] xfs_ifree_cluster.isra.17+0x2c3/0x6f0 [xfs] ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 30466 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:329 rcu_note_context_switch+0x71/0x700 Modules linked in: deadline_iosched dm_snapshot dm_bufio ext4 mbcache jbd2 dm_flakey xfs libcrc32c dax_pmem device_dax nd_pmem sch_fq_codel af_packet [last unloaded: scsi_debug] CPU: 1 PID: 30466 Comm: rm Tainted: G W 4.14.0-rc6-djwong #4 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.10.2-1ubuntu1djwong0 04/01/2014 task: ffff880037680000 task.stack: ffffc90001064000 RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x71/0x700 RSP: 0000:ffffc90001067e50 EFLAGS: 00010002 RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffff880037680000 RCX: ffff88003e73d200 RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: ffffffff819e53e9 RDI: ffffffff819f4375 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff880062c900d0 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff880037680000 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffc90001067eb8 R15: ffff880037680690 FS: 00007fa3b8ce8700(0000) GS:ffff88003ec00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f69bf77c000 CR3: 000000002450a000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 Call Trace: __schedule+0xb8/0xb10 schedule+0x40/0x90 exit_to_usermode_loop+0x6b/0xa0 prepare_exit_to_usermode+0x7a/0x90 retint_user+0x8/0x20 RIP: 0033:0x7fa3b87fda87 RSP: 002b:00007ffe41206568 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff02 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000010e88c0 RCX: 00007fa3b87fda87 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000010e89c8 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000015e R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000010c8060 R13: 00007ffe41206690 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 ---[ end trace e88f83bf0cfbd07d ]--- Fixes: f2e9ad212def50bcf4c098c6288779dd97fff0f0 Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
2017-11-15slab, slub, slob: add slab_flags_tAlexey Dobriyan
Add sparse-checked slab_flags_t for struct kmem_cache::flags (SLAB_POISON, etc). SLAB is bloated temporarily by switching to "unsigned long", but only temporarily. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171021100225.GA22428@avx2 Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-14Merge tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs updates from Darrick Wong: "xfs: great scads of new stuff for 4.15. This merge cycle, we're making some substantive changes to XFS. The in-core extent mappings have been refactored to use proper iterators and a btree to handle heavily fragmented files without needing high-order memory allocations; some important log recovery bug fixes; and the first part of the online fsck functionality. (The online fsck feature is disabled by default and more pieces of it will be coming in future release cycles.) This giant pile of patches has been run through a full xfstests run over the weekend and through a quick xfstests run against this morning's master, with no major failures reported. New in this version: - Refactor the incore extent map manipulations to use a cursor instead of directly modifying extent data. - Refactor the incore extent map cursor to use an in-memory btree instead of a single high-order allocation. This eliminates a major source of complaints about insufficient memory when opening a heavily fragmented file into a system whose memory is also heavily fragmented. - Fix a longstanding bug where deleting a file with a complex extended attribute btree incorrectly handled memory pointers, which could lead to memory corruption. - Improve metadata validation to eliminate crashing problems found while fuzzing xfs. - Move the error injection tag definitions into libxfs to be shared with userspace components. - Fix some log recovery bugs where we'd underflow log block position vector and incorrectly fail log recovery. - Drain the buffer lru after log recovery to force recovered buffers back through the verifiers after mount. On a v4 filesystem the log never attaches verifiers during log replay (v5 does), so we could end up with buffers marked verified but without having ever been verified. - Fix various other bugs. - Introduce the first part of a new online fsck tool. The new fsck tool will be able to iterate every piece of metadata in the filesystem to look for obvious errors and corruptions. In the next release cycle the checking will be extended to cross-reference with the other fs metadata, so this feature should only be used by the developers in the mean time" * tag 'xfs-4.15-merge-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: (131 commits) xfs: on failed mount, force-reclaim inodes after unmounting quota controls xfs: check the uniqueness of the AGFL entries xfs: remove u_int* type usage xfs: handle zero entries case in xfs_iext_rebalance_leaf xfs: add comments documenting the rebalance algorithm xfs: trivial indentation fixup for xfs_iext_remove_node xfs: remove a superflous assignment in xfs_iext_remove_node xfs: add some comments to xfs_iext_insert/xfs_iext_insert_node xfs: fix number of records handling in xfs_iext_split_leaf fs/xfs: Remove NULL check before kmem_cache_destroy xfs: only check da node header padding on v5 filesystems xfs: fix btree scrub deref check xfs: fix uninitialized return values in scrub code xfs: pass inode number to xfs_scrub_ino_set_{preen,warning} xfs: refactor the directory data block bestfree checks xfs: mark xlog_verify_dest_ptr STATIC xfs: mark xlog_recover_check_summary STATIC xfs: mark xfs_btree_check_lblock and xfs_btree_check_ptr static xfs: remove unreachable error injection code in xfs_qm_dqget xfs: remove unused debug counts for xfs_lock_inodes ...
2017-11-14Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4 Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o: - Add support for online resizing of file systems with bigalloc - Fix a two data corruption bugs involving DAX, as well as a corruption bug after a crash during a racing fallocate and delayed allocation. - Finally, a number of cleanups and optimizations. * tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: ext4: improve smp scalability for inode generation ext4: add support for online resizing with bigalloc ext4: mention noload when recovering on read-only device Documentation: fix little inconsistencies ext4: convert timers to use timer_setup() jbd2: convert timers to use timer_setup() ext4: remove duplicate extended attributes defs ext4: add ext4_should_use_dax() ext4: add sanity check for encryption + DAX ext4: prevent data corruption with journaling + DAX ext4: prevent data corruption with inline data + DAX ext4: fix interaction between i_size, fallocate, and delalloc after a crash ext4: retry allocations conservatively ext4: Switch to iomap for SEEK_HOLE / SEEK_DATA ext4: Add iomap support for inline data iomap: Add IOMAP_F_DATA_INLINE flag iomap: Switch from blkno to disk offset
2017-11-13fs, dax: unify IOMAP_F_DIRTY read vs write handling policy in the dax coreDan Williams
While reviewing whether MAP_SYNC should strengthen its current guarantee of syncing writes from the initiating process to also include third-party readers observing dirty metadata, Dave pointed out that the check of IOMAP_WRITE is misplaced. The policy of what to with IOMAP_F_DIRTY should be separated from the generic filesystem mechanism of reporting dirty metadata. Move this policy to the fs-dax core to simplify the per-filesystem iomap handlers, and further centralize code that implements the MAP_SYNC policy. This otherwise should not change behavior, it just makes it easier to change behavior in the future. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Reported-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
2017-11-09xfs: on failed mount, force-reclaim inodes after unmounting quota controlsDarrick J. Wong
When mounting fails, we must force-reclaim inodes (and disable delayed reclaim) /after/ the realtime and quota control have let go of the realtime and quota inodes. Without this, we corrupt the timer list and cause other weird problems. Found by xfs/376 fuzzing u3.bmbt[0].lastoff on an rmap filesystem to force a bogus post-eof extent reclaim that causes the fs to go down. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
2017-11-09xfs: check the uniqueness of the AGFL entriesDarrick J. Wong
Make sure we don't list a block twice in the agfl by copying the contents of the AGFL to an array, sorting it, and looking for duplicates. We can easily check that the number of agfl entries we see actually matches the flcount, so do that too. Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>